Universal and homogeneous structures on the Urysohn and Gurarij spaces (Q522337)

The Fraïssé theory provides a method for constructing a limit (typically, a metric space) from a collection of finitely generated structures of some type equipped with morphisms between these structures which satisfy natural compatibility conditions. In the present work, the Fraïssé theory is used for constructing the Urysohn universal Polish space and, less classically, the Gurarij space. These spaces are known to have both universality and homogeneity properties. One of their companions is the Holmes space, which is nothing but the Lipschitz-free space over the Urysohn space. The Fraïssé approach allows to enrich the constructions with additional structures, and thus to obtain new universal objects, which in turn could be used for coding purposes in (topological) complexity theory. A typical result of the present article is Theorem 3.5, which states the existence of a universal and homogeneous projection of norm 1 from the Gurarij space onto a (universal and homogeneous) 1-complemented subspace. Some techniques of the present work could be compared with the approach followed by C. Ward Henson and some of his co-authors for analyzing, e.g., the Gurarij space.