A non-\(\omega\)-balanced paratopological group with countable \(\pi\)-character (Q524331)

Let \(G\) be a paratopological group, i.e. a group with a topology such that the multiplication is jointly continuous. \(G\) is called saturated if for every neighbourhood \(U\) of the identity \(e\in G\) the interior of \(U^{-1}\) is nonempty. The weak extent \(we(G)\) of \(G\) is the least infinite cardinal number \(\kappa\) such that for every open cover \(\mathcal{U}\) of \(G\) there is a subset \(A\) of \(G\) with \(|A|\leq\kappa\) and \(St(A,\mathcal{U})=G\). It is proved that a saturated paratopological group \(G\) with \(we(G)\leq\kappa\) is \(\kappa\)-narrow, i.e. for every neighbourhood \(U\) of \(e\) there is a subset \(F\) of \(G\) with \(|F|\leq\kappa\) and \(G=FU=UF\). Moreover, answering a question of \textit{I. Sánchez} [Topology Appl. 178, 459--466 (2014; Zbl 1362.22002)], the authors construct a Hausdorff paratopological group with countable \(\pi\)-character, but not \(\omega\)-balanced. Recall that \(G\) is called \(\omega\)-balanced if for every neighbourhood \(U\) of \(e\) there exists a countable family \(\gamma\) of neighbourhoods of \(e\) such that for each \(x\in G\) there is a \(V\in\gamma\) with \(xVx^{-1}\subseteq U\).