Klyachko models for ladder representations (Q526154)

Let \(F\) be a non-Archimedean local field of characteristic zero. Let \(G_n={GL}_n\). For \(1 \leq i \leq n\), let \(P_{i,n-i}=M_{i,n-i} N_{i,n-i}\) be the parabolic subgroup of \(G_n\) with Levi subgroup \(M_{i,n-i}\) isomorphic to \(GL_{i} \otimes GL_{n-i}\). Let the group \(U_n\) consist of the upper triangular unipotent matrices of \(G_n\). Fix a nontrivial additive character \(\psi\) of \(F\). An irreducible representation \(\pi\) if \(G_n(F)\) is said to have a Klyachko model if it can be embedded into \[ \oplus_{k=0}^{\lfloor n/2 \rfloor} \mathrm{Ind}_{H_{2k,r}(F)}^{G_n(F)} \psi_r, \] where \(H_{2k,r}=(Sp_{2k} \otimes U_r) N_{2k,r}\) is a subgroup of \(P_{2k, r}\), \(n=2k+r\), and \[ \psi_r((g,u)n) = \psi\left(\sum_{i=1}^{r-1} u_{i,i+1}\right), \forall g \in Sp_{2k}(F), u\in U_r(F), n \in N_{2k,r}(F). \] Note that it has been proved by Offen and Sayag that the direct sum \(\oplus_{k=0}^{\lfloor n/2 \rfloor} \mathrm{Ind}_{H_{2k,r}(F)}^{G_n(F)} \psi_r\) is of multiplicity one. By the Zelevinsky classification, any irreducible representation of \(G_n(F)\) can be written as \(\pi_1 \times \cdots \times \pi_t\), where the \(\pi_i\)'s are rigid, namely, the support of \(\pi_i\) is contained in a cuspidal line \(\rho^{\mathbb{Z}}=\{\nu^n \rho: n \in \mathbb{Z}\}\) (\(\rho\) is a supercuspidal representation, \(\nu =| \det(\cdot)|_F\)), and those cuspidal lines are disjoint. A rigid representation \(\pi\) is a ladder representation if it is constructed as the Langlands quotient from the multi-set of segments \(\{\Delta_1, \ldots, \Delta_t\}\) with conditions \[ \Delta_i=[\nu^{b_i} \rho, \nu^{e_i} \rho]= \{\nu^{b_i} \rho, \nu^{b_i+1} \rho, \ldots, \nu^{e_i} \rho\}, \] \(b_i, e_i \in \mathbb{Z}\), \(b_1>b_2>\cdots>b_t\) and \(e_1>e_2>\cdots>e_t\). Ladder representations were introduced by \textit{E. Lapid} and \textit{A. Mínguez} [Sel. Math., New Ser. 22, No. 4, 2347--2400 (2016; Zbl 1355.22005)]. In [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2008, Article ID rnm136, 25 p. (2008; Zbl 1158.22021)], \textit{O. Offen} and \textit{E. Sayag} showed the existence of Klyachko models for unitary representations of \(G_n(F)\), using a global method. In this paper, the authors give a new proof of this result using a purely local method which is based on studying models within the class of ladder representations. Precisely, the authors classify those ladder representations that have Klyachko models and prove the hereditary property of these models for induced representations from arbitrary finite length representations. Notice that any irreducible unitarizable representation of \(G_n(F)\) is a product of some ladder representations. The authors would like to extend their study of Klyachko models to the entire admissible dual of \(G_n(F)\). They propose two general strategies towards this goal. The first strategy is based on the Langlands classification: (1) classify all standard models with Klyachko models; (2) determine whether the Klyachko model on the standard module descends to one on the irreducible quotient. The second strategy is based on the notion of imprimitive representations, which are not parabolically induced from any proper parabolic subgroup: (1) classify all imprimitive representations with Klyachko models; (2) determine the relation between Klyachko models and parabolic induction. The authors give a discussion on the possibilities of these two strategies. This paper can be viewed as a collection of results towards their general goal. The authors also study some special cases towards step (2) of the second strategy, namely, the relation between the symplectic groups distinction of the parabolic induction and the symplectic groups distinction of the inducing data.