Regularity of the optimal sets for some spectral functionals (Q529615)

Functionals involving the eigenvalues of the Laplacian are the object of this paper. The authors study the regularity of the optimal sets for the shape optimization problem \[ (*)\;\min\Big\{\lambda_{1}(\Omega)+\dotsm+\lambda_{k}(\Omega)\;:\;\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^{d}\;\text{open},\quad |\Omega| = 1\Big\}, \] where \(\lambda_{1},\dotsc,\lambda_{k}\) are the eigenvalues of the Dirichlet Laplacian on the set \(\Omega\) and \({|\cdot|}\) is the \(d\)-dimensional Lebesgue measure. A set \(\Omega\subset\mathbb R^d\) is \(d^*\)-regular if \(\partial\Omega\) is the disjoint union of a regular part \(\roman{Reg}(\partial\Omega)\) and a singular part \(\roman{Sing}(\partial\Omega)\) such that \(\roman{Reg}(\partial\Omega)\) is an open subset of \(\partial\Omega\) and locally a \(C^\infty\) hypersurface of codimension one, and \(\roman{Sing}(\partial\Omega)\) is a closed subset of \(\partial\Omega\) and has the following properties: (i)\,if \(d<d^*\), then \(\roman{Sing}(\partial\Omega)\) is empty, (ii)\,if \(d=d^*\), then the singular set \(\roman{Sing}(\partial\Omega)\) contains at most a finite number of isolated points, and (iii)\,if \(d>d^*\), then the Hausdorff dimension of \(\roman{Sing}(\partial\Omega)\) is less than \(d-d^*\). In this work, the authors consider the natural number \(d^*\in[5,7]\) as the smallest dimension at which the free boundaries of the local minima of the scalar one-phase functional \(u\mapsto\int|\Delta u|^2dx+|\{u>0\}|\) admit singularities. They prove that if the open set \(\Omega^*_k\subset\mathbb R^d\) is an optimal set for the shape optimization problem \((*)\), then \(\Omega^*_k\) is connected and \(d^*\)-regular. Moreover, the vector \(U=(u_1,\dots,u_k)\) of the normalized eigenfunctions is such that \(|U|\) has a \(C^1\) extension on the regular part of the free boundary and satisfies the optimality condition \(\big|\Delta|U|\big|=\sqrt{\Lambda}\) on \(\roman{Reg}(\partial\Omega^*_k)\), where the constant \(\Lambda\) is given by \(\Lambda=\frac2d\sum\limits_{i=1}^k\lambda_i(\Omega^*_k)\).