Asymptotic regularity of powers of ideals of points in a weighted projective plane (Q531765)

The paper concerns the asymptotic behavior of the regularity of symbolic powers of ideals of points in a weighted projective plane. The regularity of such powers behaves asymptotically like a linear function, which is deeply related to the Seshadri constant of a blowup. The authors, in this paper, study the difference between regularity of such powers and this linear function. Under some conditions they prove that this difference is bounded or eventually periodic. More in detail, suppose that \(H\) is an ample \({\mathbb{Q}}-\)Cartier divisor on a normal projective variety \(V\) and \(\mathcal{I}\) is an ideal sheaf on \(V\). Let \(\nu:W \to V\) be the blowup of \(\mathcal{I}\). Let \(E\) be the effective Cartier divisor on W defined by \(\mathcal{O}_W(-E)=\mathcal{I}\mathcal{O}_W\). The \(s-\)invariant, \(s_{\mathcal{O}_V(H)}(\mathcal{I})\), is defined by \[ s_{\mathcal{O}_V(H)}(\mathcal{I})=\inf\{s \in \mathbb{R} | \nu^*(sH)-E \text{ is an ample } \mathbb{R}-\text{divisor on } W \}. \] The reciprocal, \(1/s_{\mathcal{O}_V(H)}(\mathcal{I})\), is the Seshadri constant of \(\mathcal{I}\). Several examples show that \(s_{\mathcal{O}_V(H)}(\mathcal{I})\) can be irrational, even when \(\mathcal{O}_V(H) \cong \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1}(1)\) on ordinary projective space. Let \(S=K[ x_o, \dots, x_n]\) be a polynomial ring, over a field \(K\), graded by the weighting wt\((x_i)=a_i\), \(1=0, \dots, n\). Assume that gcd\((a_0, a_2, \dots, a_{i-1}, a_{i+1}, \dots a_n)=1\) for \(0 \leq i \leq n\) and consider the weighted projective space \(\mathbb{P}=\mathrm{proj}(S)\). Suppose \(I\) is an homogeneous ideal of \(S\) and let \(\mathcal{I}\) be the sheaf associated to \(I\). In the first part of the paper the authors develop the basic properties of regularity on weighted projective space and show that the theory of asymptotic regularity on ordinary projective space extends naturally to weighted projective space. In particular, they show that reg\((I^m)\) is a linear function for \(m\gg 0\) and establish the following Theorem 1. We have \[ \lim_{m \to \infty} \frac{\text{reg}((I^m)^{\text{sat}})}{m}=s_{{\mathcal{O}}_{\mathbb{P}}(1) }(\mathcal{I}). \] \vskip0.4cm Define a function \(\sigma_I: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{Z}\) by \[ \text{reg}((I^m)^{\text{sat}}= \lfloor ms_{{\mathcal{O}}_{\mathbb{P}}(1) }(\mathcal{I})\rfloor + \sigma_I(m). \] A function \(\sigma: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{Z}\) is \textit{eventually periodic} if \(\sigma(m)\) is periodic for \(m\gg 0\). The authors fix their attention in the case of an ideal \(I \subset S=K[ x,y,z ]\) of a set of nonsingular points with multiplicity in a weighted two-dimensional projective space \(\mathbb{P}=\mathbb{P}(a,b,c)\) with wt\((x)=a\), wt\((y)=b\), wt\((z)=c\). Suppose that the points \(P_1, \dots P_r\) are distinct with multiplicities \(e_1, \dots, e_r\) in such a way their ideal is given as \(I=\cap I_{P_I}^{e_i}\). Define \(s(I)\) as \[ s(I)=s_{{\mathcal{O}}_{\mathbb{P}}(1)}(\mathcal{I}) \] The authors prove the following results. Theorem 2. Let \(u=\sum_{i=1}^r e_i^2\). We have \(s(I)\geq \sqrt{abcu}\). If \(s(I)> \sqrt{abcu}\), then \(s(I)\) is a rational number. Theorem 3. There exists a bounded function \(\sigma_I: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{Z}\) such that \[ \text{reg}((I^{(m}))=\lfloor s(I)m\rfloor + \sigma_I(m). \] for all \(m \in \mathbb{N}\). Theorem 4. Suppose that \(s(I)> \sqrt{abcu}\), and suppose that \(K\) has characteristic zero or is an algebraic closure of a finite field. Then the function \(\sigma_I(m)\) of the previous Theorem is eventually periodic. \vskip0.5cm Finally, the authors show, as a corollary, that if there exists a negative curve, then the regularity of symbolic powers of a monomial space curve is eventually a periodic linear function. Moreover they give a criterion for the validity of Nagata's conjecture in terms of the lack of existence of negative curves.