Regular holonomic \(\mathcal {D}[[\hbar]]\)-modules (Q533372)

The authors study the category of regular holonomic modules over the ring \(\mathcal{D}[[\hbar]]\) of linear differential operators with a formal parameter \(\hbar\). More precisely, if \(X\) is a topological space, or, more generally, a site, and \(\mathcal{R}_{0}\) a sheaf of rings over \(X\), the formal extension of \(\mathcal{R}_{0}\) is defined as \(\mathcal{R}_{0}[[\hbar]]=\prod_{n\geqslant0}\mathcal{R}_{0}\hbar^{n}\), where sections on an open subset U are formal series \(\sum_{0}^{\infty}r_{n}\hbar^{n}\) with \(r_{n}\in\Gamma(U;\mathcal{R}_{0})\). The authors consider the formal extensions \[ \mathbb{C}_{X}^{\hbar}=\mathbb{C}_{X}[[\hbar]], \mathcal{O}_{X}^{\hbar}=\mathcal{O}_{X}[[\hbar]], \mathcal{D}_{X}^{\hbar}=\mathcal{D}_{X}[[\hbar]], \] where \(\mathbb{C}_{X}\) is the constant sheaf with stalk \(\mathbb{C}\), \(\mathcal{O}_{X}\) the structure sheaf and \(\mathcal{D}_{X}\) the ring of differential operators on \(X\), \(X\) being an analytic manifold. The results in this paper rely on the work [``Deformation quantization modules'', Astérisque (to appear), \url{arXiv:1003.3304}] by \textit{M. Kashiwara} and \textit{P. Schapira}. An important role is played by the so-called \(\hbar\)-torsion modules; in particular, for a \(\mathcal{D}_{X}^{\hbar}\) module \(\mathcal{M}\) which is a \(\hbar\)-torsion module, \(\mathcal{M}\) is coherent as a \(\mathcal{D}_{X}^{\hbar}\) module if it is coherent as a \(\mathcal{D}_{X}\)-module and, in this case, char\(_{h}(\mathcal{M})\)=char\(\mathcal{M}\), where char\(_{h}(\mathcal{M})\) is defined as the characteristic variety of gr\(_{h}(\mathcal{M})\). A coherent \(\mathcal{D}_{X}^{\hbar}\) module is defined to be holonomic (respectively regular holonomic) if so is gr\(_{h}(\mathcal{M})\). If \(\mathcal{M}\) and \(\mathcal{N}\) are given \(\mathcal{D}_{X}[[\hbar]]\)-modules which are holonomic, then the complex R\(\mathcal{H}om_{\mathcal{D}_{X}[[\hbar]]}(\mathcal{M},\mathcal{N})\) is constructible over \(\mathcal{D}[[\hbar]]\) and the minosupport of the solution complex R\(\mathcal{H}om_{\mathcal{D}_{X}[[\hbar]]}(\mathcal{M},\mathcal{O}_{X}^{\hbar})\) coincides with the characteristic variety of \(\mathcal{M}\). The authors obtain a \(\hbar\)-version of the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence (i.e., \(\mathbb{C}_{X}\) and \(\mathcal{D}_{X}\) replaced by \(\mathbb{C}_{X}^{\hbar}, \mathcal{D}_{X}^{\hbar}\)) (Theorem 5.4). More precisely, they show that the solution functor with value in \(\mathcal{O}_{X}[[\hbar]]\) induces an equivalence between the derived category of regular holonomic \(\mathcal{D}_{X}[[\hbar]]\) modules and that of constructible sheaves over \(\mathbb{C}_{X}[[\hbar]]\). A quasi-inverse is obtained by considering the holomorphic functions with temperate growth and a formal parameter \(\hbar\) on the subanalytic site associated to \(X\) (see [\textit{M. Kashiwara} and \textit{P. Schapira}, Ind-sheaves. Astérisque. 271. Paris: Société Mathématique de France (2001; Zbl 0993.32009)]). The authors consider the middle perversity \(t\)-structure for complex constructible sheaves, and show that the Rhem functor is \(t\)-exact when \(D_{hol}^{b}(\mathcal{D}_{X})\) is equiped with the natural \(t\)-structure. But for the study of duality and its relation with the \(\hbar\)-structure, one is obliged to consider a finer \(t\)-structure, and the notion of torsion pairs. The duality functor interchanges it with the natural \(t\)-structure (Theorem 6.5). The reason to need this ``\(\hbar\)-torsion'' \(t\)-structure is due to the fact that instead of considering a field one considers a ring, namely \(\mathbb{C}[[\hbar]]\). The authors study also the \(\mathcal{D}((\hbar))\)-modules, over the field of the Laurent ring in \(\hbar\), \(\mathbb{C}^{h,loc}=\mathbb{C}((\hbar))=\mathbb{C}[[\hbar^{-1},\hbar]]\). A last paragraph deals with links with deformation quantization.