Regular holonomic D[[]]-modules

Differentials and other special sheaves; D-modules; Bernstein-Sato ideals and polynomials (14F10) Sheaves of differential operators and their modules, (D)-modules (32C38)

Abstract: We describe the category of regular holonomic modules over the ring Dh of linear differential operators with a formal parameter h. In particular, we establish the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence and discuss the additional t-structure related to h-torsion.

Review text

The authors study the category of regular holonomic modules over the ring $\mathcal{D}\hbar$ of linear differential operators with a formal parameter $\hbar$. More precisely, if $X$ is a topological space, or, more generally, a site, and $\mathcal{R}_{0}$ a sheaf of rings over $X$, the formal extension of $\mathcal{R}_{0}$ is defined as $\mathcal{R}_{0}\hbar=\prod_{n\geqslant0}\mathcal{R}_{0}\hbar^{n}$, where sections on an open subset U are formal series $\sum_{0}^{\infty}r_{n}\hbar^{n}$ with $r_{n}\in\Gamma(U;\mathcal{R}_{0})$. The authors consider the formal extensions \[ \mathbb{C}_{X}^{\hbar}=\mathbb{C}_{X}\hbar, \mathcal{O}_{X}^{\hbar}=\mathcal{O}_{X}\hbar, \mathcal{D}_{X}^{\hbar}=\mathcal{D}_{X}\hbar, \] where $\mathbb{C}_{X}$ is the constant sheaf with stalk $\mathbb{C}$, $\mathcal{O}_{X}$ the structure sheaf and $\mathcal{D}_{X}$ the ring of differential operators on $X$, $X$ being an analytic manifold. The results in this paper rely on the work [``Deformation quantization modules, Astérisque (to appear), \url{arXiv:1003.3304}] by \textit{M. Kashiwara} and \textit{P. Schapira}. An important role is played by the so-called $\hbar$-torsion modules; in particular, for a $\mathcal{D}_{X}^{\hbar}$ module $\mathcal{M}$ which is a $\hbar$-torsion module, $\mathcal{M}$ is coherent as a $\mathcal{D}_{X}^{\hbar}$ module if it is coherent as a $\mathcal{D}_{X}$-module and, in this case, char$_{h}(\mathcal{M})$=char$\mathcal{M}$, where char$_{h}(\mathcal{M})$ is defined as the characteristic variety of gr$_{h}(\mathcal{M})$. A coherent $\mathcal{D}_{X}^{\hbar}$ module is defined to be holonomic (respectively regular holonomic) if so is gr$_{h}(\mathcal{M})$. If $\mathcal{M}$ and $\mathcal{N}$ are given $\mathcal{D}_{X}\hbar$-modules which are holonomic, then the complex R$\mathcal{H}om_{\mathcal{D}_{X}\hbar}(\mathcal{M},\mathcal{N})$ is constructible over $\mathcal{D}\hbar$ and the minosupport of the solution complex R$\mathcal{H}om_{\mathcal{D}_{X}\hbar}(\mathcal{M},\mathcal{O}_{X}^{\hbar})$ coincides with the characteristic variety of $\mathcal{M}$. The authors obtain a $\hbar$-version of the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence (i.e., $\mathbb{C}_{X}$ and $\mathcal{D}_{X}$ replaced by $\mathbb{C}_{X}^{\hbar}, \mathcal{D}_{X}^{\hbar}$) (Theorem 5.4). More precisely, they show that the solution functor with value in $\mathcal{O}_{X}\hbar$ induces an equivalence between the derived category of regular holonomic $\mathcal{D}_{X}\hbar$ modules and that of constructible sheaves over $\mathbb{C}_{X}\hbar$. A quasi-inverse is obtained by considering the holomorphic functions with temperate growth and a formal parameter $\hbar$ on the subanalytic site associated to $X$ (see [\textit{M. Kashiwara} and \textit{P. Schapira}, Ind-sheaves. Astérisque. 271. Paris: Société Mathématique de France (2001; Zbl 0993.32009)]). The authors consider the middle perversity $t$-structure for complex constructible sheaves, and show that the Rhem functor is $t$-exact when $D_{hol}^{b}(\mathcal{D}_{X})$ is equiped with the natural $t$-structure. But for the study of duality and its relation with the $\hbar$-structure, one is obliged to consider a finer $t$-structure, and the notion of torsion pairs. The duality functor interchanges it with the natural $t$-structure (Theorem 6.5). The reason to need this ``$\hbar$-torsion $t$-structure is due to the fact that instead of considering a field one considers a ring, namely $\mathbb{C}\hbar$. The authors study also the $\mathcal{D}((\hbar))$-modules, over the field of the Laurent ring in $\hbar$, $\mathbb{C}^{h,loc}=\mathbb{C}((\hbar))=\mathbb{C}[[\hbar^{-1},\hbar]]$. A last paragraph deals with links with deformation quantization.

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Cites work

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