Riemann-Hilbert correspondence for holonomic D-modules

Sheaves of differential operators and their modules, (D)-modules (32C38) Stratifications; constructible sheaves; intersection cohomology (complex-analytic aspects) (32S60) Stokes phenomena and connection problems (linear and nonlinear) for ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M40) Microlocal methods and methods of sheaf theory and homological algebra applied to PDEs (35A27) Riemann-Hilbert problems in context of PDEs (35Q15)

Abstract: The classical Riemann-Hilbert correspondence establishes an equivalence between the triangulated category of regular holonomic D-modules and that of constructible sheaves. In this paper, we prove a Riemann-Hilbert correspondence for holonomic D-modules which are not necessarily regular. The construction of our target category is based on the theory of ind-sheaves by Kashiwara-Schapira and influenced by Tamarkin's work. Among the main ingredients of our proof is the description of the structure of flat meromorphic connections due to Mochizuki and Kedlaya.

Review text

Let \(X\) be a complex manifold. The classical Riemann-Hilbert correspondence in a modern form [\textit{M. Kashiwara}, Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 20, 319--365 (1984; Zbl 0566.32023)] associates to a regular holonomic system the \(\mathbb C\)-constructible complex of its holomorphic solutions. In particular, the corresponding \({\mathcal D}_X\)-module \(\mathcal L\) can be reconstructed from the holomorphic de Rham complex of \(\mathcal L\) denoted by \(\Omega_X\otimes_{{\mathcal D}_X}^L\!\!{\mathcal L}\), where \(\Omega_X\) is the sheaf of holomorphic differential forms of highest degree. In their previous work [Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. A 88, No. 10, 178--183 (2012; Zbl 1266.32012)], the authors extended this correspondence to the case of irregular holonomic \({\mathcal D}_X\)-modules given on a complex curve. More precisely, they constructed a contravariant functor from the derived category of \({\mathcal D}_X\)-modules to the derived category of ind-sheaves on \(X\times \mathbb P^1_{\mathbb C}\), so that any irregular holonomic \({\mathcal D}_X\)-module \(\mathcal M\) can be reconstructed from an object of the target, the so-called tempered de Rham complex of \(\mathcal M\) associated with the complex of tempered holomorphic functions on \(X\) (see [\textit{M. Kashiwara} and \textit{P. Schapira}, in: Autour de l'analyse microlocale. Paris: Société Mathématique de France. 143--164 (2003; Zbl 1053.35009)]). In the paper under review, slightly modifying the target category, the authors describe in detail a similar construction for manifolds of higher dimensions. They also underline that their approach was inspired by [\textit{D. Tamarkin}, Microlocal condition for non-displaceablility, \url{arXiv:0809.1584}] and is mainly based on the theory of ind-sheaves by \textit{M. Kashiwara} and \textit{P. Schapira} [Sheaves on manifolds. With a short history ``Les débuts de la théorie des faisceaux by Christian Houzel. Berlin etc.: Springer-Verlag (1990; Zbl 0709.18001)], the description of the structure of flat meromorphic connections due to Mochizuki and Kedlaya, etc.

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