Laplace-type equations as conformal superintegrable systems (Q534203)

Two spectacular classes of Hamiltonian systems are usually discriminated: these are the so-called integrable and superintegrable. The present work inaugurates the study of superintegrability of the equations of the form \((\Delta_n + V)\Psi = 0\) on conformally flat \(n\)-dimensional manifolds. Two concepts of the classical conformal (maximal) superintegrability for a Hamiltonian system and of the operator conformal (maximal) superintegrability for Laplace-type equations on an \(n\)-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian manifold are introduced for this purpose. Some examples of second-order conformal integrable systems for two degenerate potentials with \(\leq n+1\) parameters and nondegenerate potentials with maximally possible number of \(n+2\) parameters are given. Introducing the pentaspherical coordinates, the relationship between Helmholtz second-order superintegrable systems on conformally flat space and Laplace systems on flat space is particularly outlined.