The Riesz potential operator in optimal couples of rearrangement invariant spaces (Q537682)

The Euclidean \(n\)-dimensional space is denoted by \(\mathbb{R}^n\), the space of locally Lebesgue integrable functions is denoted by \(L_{\text{loc}}\), the space of nonnegative functions in \(L_{\text{loc}}\) is denoted by \(L\), and the Riesz potential operator \(P_\alpha\) is defined for \(0< \alpha< n\) by \[ P_\alpha(f)(x)= \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} f(y)|x- y|^{\alpha- n}dy, \] where for \(x= (x_1,x_2,\dots, x_n)\in\mathbb{R}^n\),\ \(|x|= (x^2_1+ x^2_2+\cdots+ x^2_n)^{1/2}\). If \(m\) denotes Lebesgue measure on \(\mathbb{R}^n\), then the distribution function \(m_f(t)\), \(t> 0\), is identified as \(m(\{x\in\mathbb{R}^n: |f(x)|> t\})\), and the nonincreasing rearrangement \(f^*\) is defined by \(f^*(s)= \text{inf}\{t> 0: m_f(t)\leq s\}\). If \(E\) is a `rearrangement invariant' Banach function space in \(L^1+ L^\infty\), then a quasi-norm \(\|.\|_E\) is defined on \(E\) in terms of a quasi-norm \(\rho_E\) by \(\| f\|_E= \rho_E(f^*)\). If \(g_u\) is defined by \(g_u(t)= g_u(t/u)\), \(h_E(u)= \sup\{\rho_E(g^*_u)/\rho_E(g^*), g\in L\}\), then the Boyd indices \(\alpha_E\), \(\beta_E\), are defined by \[ \alpha_E= \sup\{(\log h_E(t)/\log t), 0< t< 1\},\;\beta_E= \text{inf}\{(\log h_E(t)/\log t), 1< t< \infty\}. \] The quasi-norm \(\rho_E\) is said to be monotone if \(\int^t_0 g^*_1(s)\,ds\leq \int^t_0 g^*_2(s)\,ds\) implies that \(\rho_E(g^*_1)\leq \rho_E(g^*_2)\). If \(\rho_E\) is monotone, rearrangement invariant with \(\alpha_E> \alpha/n\), \(\beta_E< 1\) and \(\rho_G\) is monotone and \(\beta_G< 1-(\alpha/n)\), then \(\rho_E\), \(\rho_G\) are said to be admissible if \(\rho_G(P_\alpha(f)^{**})/\rho_E(f^*)\leq \kappa\) for some constant \(\kappa\). The optimal target quasi-norm, \(\rho_G(E)\), satisfies \(\rho_G(g^*)/\rho_{G(E)}(g^*)\leq \kappa\), and the optimal domain quasi-norm \(\rho_{E(G)}(g^*)/\rho_E(g^*)\leq \kappa\), \(g\in L\). In the main results of this paper, conditions are provided under which quasi-norms are admissible, target quasi-norms are optimal and domain quasi-norms are optimal. In particular, it is shown that the quasi-norms \(\rho_E\), \(\rho_G\) are admissible if and only if \(\rho_G(S(g))/\rho_E(g)\) \(\leq\kappa\), where \(S= T+ T'\), \[ T(g)(x)= \int^\infty_x u^{(\alpha/n)-1)} g(u)\,du,\;T'(g)(x)= x^{(\alpha/n)-1} \int^x_0 g(u)\,du. \]