Extensions of abelian varieties defined over a number field (Q557572)

For abelian varieties \(A\) and \(B\) defined over a number field \(K\), the authors consider the group \(\text{Ext}^1_K(A, B)\) of the isomorphism classes of the extensions of \(A\) by \(B\) in the category of the commutative group \(K\)-schemes. They prove that \(\text{Ext}^1_K(A, B)\) is a finite group, crediting this result to J. S. Milne and S. Ramachandran, and investigate the relation between such Ext-groups and modular parametrisations of elliptic curves defined over \(\mathbb{Q}\). If \(A\) and \(B\) are two elliptic curves over \(\mathbb{Q}\) associated, respectively, to the normalised new forms \(f(q)= \sum^\infty_{n=1} a_nq^n\) and \(g(q)= \sum^\infty_{n=1} b_n q^n\), then the exponent of the group \(\text{Ext}^1_{\mathbb{Q}}(A, B)\) is proved to divide the difference \(a_n- b_n\), for those odd \(n\) coprime to the product of the conductors of \(A\) and \(B\). For an elliptic curve \(E\) defined over \(\mathbb{Q}\), the authors reformulate the well-known result of \textit{F. Diamond}, \textit{M. Flach} and \textit{L. Guo} [Math. Res. Lett. 8, No. 4, 437--442 (2001; Zbl 1022.11023)], concerning the Bloch-Kato conjecture on the special value at \(s= 2\) of the symmetric square L-function \(L(\text{Sym}^2A, s)\), in terms of the groups \(\text{Ext}^1_{\mathbb{Q}}(E,E)\) and \(\text{Ext}^1_{\overline{\mathbb{Q}}}(E,E)\).