Principal continuum congruences, regular \({\mathcal J}\)-classes and local subsemigroups (Q583384)

Let S(X) be the semigroup of all continuous selfmaps of the topological space X. Any subsemigroup of the form vSv where \(v\in S\) is an idempotent is called local. Define an equivalence relation \({\mathcal E}\) on the set of all local subsemigroups Loc(S) by (vSv,wSw)\(\in {\mathcal E}\) if each of the semigroups can be algebraically embedded in the other. On the set of equivalence classes \({\mathcal E} loc(S)\) a partial order is defined by \({\mathcal E}(vSv)\leq {\mathcal E}(wSw)\) if vSv can be algebraically embedded in wSw. A \({\mathcal J}\)-class of S is regular if it contains at least one regular element. The family of all regular \({\mathcal J}\)-classes \({\mathcal J}_ R(S)\) is partially ordered by \(J_ a\leq J_ b\) if \(S^ 1aS^ 1\subseteq S^ 1bS^ 1\). If X is a Hausdorff space and K any subcontinuum of X then a congruence relation \(\sigma\) (K) on S(K) is defined by (f,g)\(\in \sigma (K)\) if whenever one of the functions is injective on any subspace of X homeomorphic to K then the two functions agree on that subspace. The set of all such congruences is denoted by \(Con_{PS}(S(X))\). It is proved that \(Con_{PS}(S(X))\) and \({\mathcal J}_ R(S(X))\) (or, equivalently, \({\mathcal E} Loc(S(X)))\) are equivalent finite lattices if and only if X is either a simple closed curve or is homeomorphic to a subcontinuum of a certain space.