New developments in Galois theory (Q5890732)

Cartier begins by recasting Galois' original idea of the Galois group using modern language; to a polynomial \(P\) with degree \(n\) and roots \(\alpha_1, \ldots, \alpha_n\) in some field \(\Omega\) he attaches a point \((\alpha_1, \ldots, \alpha_n) \in \Omega^n\). The collection of \(S\) of all such points is given the Zariski topology, its minimal closed subsets are then used to define the ``Galois groupoid'' of the equation \(P = 0\).NEWLINENEWLINENext he discusses groupoids in differential Galois theory that showed up in recent work of \textit{B. Malgrange} [Springer Proc. Math. 16, 223--232 (2012; Zbl 1360.53031)], and then turns to the periods introduced by \textit{M. Kontsevich} and \textit{D. Zagier} [in: Mathematics unlimited---2001 and beyond. Berlin: Springer. 771--808 (2001; Zbl 1039.11002)]. The ideas of \textit{P. Deligne} and \textit{A. B. Goncharov} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 38, No. 1, 1--56 (2005; Zbl 1084.14024)] and \textit{F. Brown} [Ann. Math. (2) 175, No. 2, 949--976 (2012; Zbl 1278.19008)] provide us with a motivic Galois group of the algebra of multizeta motivic periods; a proof that the associated evaluation map is injective would imply e.g. that the numbers \(\pi\), \(\zeta(3)\), \(\zeta(5) \ldots\) are transcendental and algebraically independent, which Cartier calls ``a wild dream to be fulfilled around 2040!''.NEWLINENEWLINEFor the entire collection see [Zbl 1310.11005].