Asymptotics for the ratio and the zeros of multiple Charlier polynomials (Q5891644)

The authors study multiple Charlier polynomials: polynomials orthogonal with respect to more than one Poisson distribution. Let \(r\) be a positive integer and consider \(r\) Poisson distributions with parameters \(a_1,\dots,a_r>0\), pairwise different. For a multi-index \(\vec{n}=(n_1,\dots,n_r)\) (non-negative integers) of size \(|\vec{n}|=n_1+\dots +n_r\), the multiple Charlier polynomial \(C_{\vec{n}}\) is the monic polynomial of degree \(|\vec{n}|\) for which \[ \sum_{i=0}^{\infty}\,C_{\vec{n}}(k)k^{\ell}{(a_j)^k\over k!}=0,\;\ell=0,1,\dots,n_j-1,\;j=1,\dots,r, \] (for \(r=1\), the ordinary Charlier polynomial is recovered). These polynomials can be given by a Rodrigues formula and even an expicit formula can be obtained; for some background see a.o. [\textit{J. Arvesú, J. Coussement} and \textit{W. Van Assche}, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 153, No. 1-2, 19--45 (2003; Zbl 1021.33006); \textit{M. E. H. Ismail}, Classical and quantum orthogonal polynomials in one variable. With two chapters by Walter Van Assche. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2005; Zbl 1082.42016); \textit{W. Van Assche}, J. Approx. Theoory 163, No. 10, 1427--1448 (2011; Zbl 1231.33014)]. The layout of the paper is as follows: \S1. Introduction. \S2. Some properties of multiple Charlier polynomials. \S3. Ratio asymptotics. This is the key section: the results form the basis for the new results on the asymptotic distribution of the polynomials (with scaling in the variable: use \(Nx\) instead of \(x\), where \(\lim_{N\rightarrow\infty}\,|\vec{n}|/N=t>0\)). \S4. Asymptotic distribution of the zeros. The main result is Theorem 4.1: Suppose \([n_j=[q_j n]\) with \(0<q_j<1\) and \(\sum_{j=1}^r\,q_j=1\) and that \(a_i>0\) for \(1\leq i\leq r\) and pairwise distinct; let \(x_{\vec{n},1}<x_{\vec{n},2}<\dots <x_{\vec{n},|\vec{n}|}\) be the zeros of \(C_{\vec{n}}\), then \[ \lim_{n,N\rightarrow\infty,n/N\rightarrow t}\,{1\over |\vec{n}|}\,\sum_{j=1}^{|\vec{n}|}\,f(x_{\vec{n},j}/N)= {1\over t}\,\int_0^t\,f(x)dx, \] for every bounded continuous function on \([0,\infty)\). \S5. Parameters depending on the degree. In this section, the final parameter depends on \(N\): \((a_1,\dots,a_{r-1},Na_r)\). \S6. Concluding remarks. This section contains some ideas on future research and the methods that could be used to derive new results. An interesting paper: again a `new piece of the jigsaw puzzle' of properties of multiple orthogonal polynomials `is put in its right position'.