Critical periods of perturbations of reversible rigidly isochronous centers (Q5894232)

The authors consider systems of the form \[ x'=-y+xyh(x,y^2)+\varepsilon yf(x,y^2), \] \[ y'=x+y^2h(x,y^2)+\varepsilon g(x,y^2), \] where \(f,g\) and \(h\) are polynomials such that the origin is a critical point with linear part \(x'=-y,\) \(y'=x\). Notice that all of them are invariant by the change \((x,y,t) \to(x,-y,-t)\) and so for all \(\varepsilon\) the origin is a reversible center. Moreover, when \(\varepsilon=0\) they are rigid isochronous centers because in polar coordinated they write as \(\theta'=1.\) Then the authors use a method introduced in previous papers, quoted in the work, to obtain explicit expressions for the functions \(T_1\) and \(T_2\) appearing in \[ T(\rho,\varepsilon)=2\pi+T_1(\rho)\varepsilon+T_2(\rho)\varepsilon^2+O(\varepsilon^3), \] where \(T(\rho,\varepsilon)\) denotes the period of the periodic orbit starting at the \(OX^+\)-axis at distance \(\rho\) of the origin for the given system. Using the above formula, they study the number of critical points of the period function, appearing for \(\varepsilon\) small enough, when the systems are either quadratic or cubic.