Generalized Bergman kernels on symplectic manifolds (Q5894910)

In this paper, the authors study the asymptotic expansion of the generalized Bergman kernel of the renormalized Bochner Laplacian introduced by \textit{V. Guillemin} and \textit{A. Uribe} [Asymptotic Anal. 1, 105--113 (1988; Zbl 0649.53026)]. Consider a compact symplectic manifold \((X,\omega)\), with \((L,h_L)\) and \((E,h_E)\) two Hermitian bundles on \(X\) endowed with Hermitian connexions \(\nabla_L\) and \(\nabla_E\). Assume that \(L\) is a line bundle and a polarisation for \((M,\omega)\) in the sense that the curvature of \(\nabla_L\) is precisely \(\omega\). One can define a skew-adjoint linear map \(\mathbf{J}:TX \rightarrow TX\) by \(\omega(u,v)=g(\mathbf{J}u,v)\) where \(g\) is the Riemannian metric on \(X\). There is also an almost complex structure \(\mathcal{J}\) satisfying \(g(\mathcal{J}u,\mathcal{J}v)=g(u,v)\), \(\omega(\mathcal{J}u,\mathcal{J}v)=\omega(u,v)\). One can define now \(\tau=-\pi \mathrm{tr}(\mathcal{J}\mathbf{J})=-\pi\mathrm{tr}(\mathbf{J}^2(-\mathbf{J}^2)^{-1/2})>0\) (which is just \(\pi\dim(X)\) in the Kähler case). Choose also \(\Phi\) a Hermitian section of \(\text{End}(E)\). The Bochner Laplacian \(\Delta\) acting on \(C^{\infty}(E\otimes L^k)\) induces the renormalized Bochner Laplacian \[ \Delta_{k,\Phi}=\Delta -k\tau +\Phi \] which is an elliptic operator. It has a spectral gap when \(k\) tends to infinity, i.e., \[ Sp(\Delta_{k,\Phi})\subset [-C,C]\cup [k\mu - C, \infty[. \] One can form a generalized Bergman kernel by considering the eigenvalues of \((\lambda_{i,k})_{i\geq 1}\) of \(\Delta_{k,\Phi}\). With an orthonormal basis \(S_{i,k}\) of the direct sum of eigenspaces corresponding to the eigenvalues \(\lambda\) with \(\lambda\in [-C,C]\), one defines the Bergman function as \[ B_{q,k}(x)= \sum_i \lambda^q_{i,k}S_{i,k}(x)\otimes \left(S_{i,k}(x)\right)^{*} \] with \(x \in X\) and \(q\in \mathbb{N}\). Here the sections \(S_{i,k}\) are orthonormal with respect to the \(L2\)-inner structure induced from the metric on \(E \otimes L^k\) and the volume form induced by \(g\). The main result of the paper is the existence of an asymptotic for \(B_{q,k}\) when \(k\) tends to infinity and the computation of the first terms of this asymptotic. Roughly speaking, \[ B_{q,k}(x)= k^nb_{q,0}(x)+b_{q,1}k^{n-1}(x)+\cdots \] and \(b_{0,0}=\det(\mathbf{J})^{1/2}Id_{E}\). Furthermore, if \(\mathcal{J}=\mathbf{J}\), highly technical computations lead to \[ b_{0,1}=\frac{1}{8\pi}\left(\text{scal}(g) + \frac{1}{4}| \nabla_X J| ^2 + 2R_E\right) \] (where \(R_E\) is the contracted curvature of \(E\)), and \[ b_{q,0}=\left(\frac{1}{24}| \nabla_X J| ^2 + \frac{1}{2}R_E + \Phi\right)^q. \] The proof is based on the spectral gap result and a localization technique inspired from the work of Bismut and Lebeau. We refer to the recent book of the authors [Holomorphic Morse inequalities and Bergman kernels. Basel: Birkhäuser (2007; Zbl 1135.32001)] where a similar strategy has been presented. The last section of the paper is dedicated to applications. One can in particular find a symplectic version of the Kodaira embedding theorem by applying the previous results with \(E\) trivial. The Kodaira map \(\psi_k\) is given by considering the sections with eigenvalues in \([-C,C]\). Note that \(\psi_k\) is asymptotically symplectic and isometric. Moreover, \(\psi_k\) is nearly holomorphic since \(\frac{1}{k}| | \partial \psi_k | | \geq c>0\) and \(\frac{1}{k}| | \bar\partial\psi_k| | =O(1/k)\). Finally, the authors give some partial results on non compact manifolds or for singular polarisations with strictly positive curvature. On complete Hermitian manifolds with certain bounds on the curvatures, the asymptotic still holds. On the other hand, using Demailly's approximation procedure and by considering \(L^2\) sections (with respect to a natural induced Poincaré metric), one can obtain again the asymptotic for a singular polarisation after resolutions of singularities. This extends the previous work of the authors in that context.