Generalized localization for spherical partial sums of multiple Fourier series (Q5918887)

The author considers the localization of Fourier series on the \(N\)-dimensional torus. For \(f \in L_p(T^N)\), with \(f_n\), \(n \in Z^n\) denoting its Fourier coefficients, the spherical sum is \[ S_{\lambda} (f) = \sum_{|n|^2 \leq \lambda} f_n e^{inx}. \] Here, \(N \geq 2\) because the theorem of Carleson and Hunt proves almost every convergence on the torus. Hunt's result for almost everywhere convergence in \(L_p(T^N)\) does not extend to \(N \geq 2\), but the answer is not known for Carleson's result for \(L_2(T^N)\). The author approaches the problem by considering Il'in's generalized principle of localization [\textit{V. A. Il'in}, Sib. Mat. Zh. 9, 1093--1106 (1968; Zbl 0191.07503)]. The generalized principle of localization for \(S_{\lambda}\) holds in \(L_p(T^N)\) if for any \(f \in L_p(T^n)\), the equality \[ \lim_{\lambda \to \infty} S_{\lambda}(f)(x) = 0, \] holds almost everywhere on \(T^N \setminus \mbox{supp} f\). The author proves that the generalized principle of localization holds on \(L_2(T^N)\), which combined with previous results shows that generalized localization holds for \( p \geq 2\) and fails for \( p < 2\) [\textit{A. Bastys}, Lith. Math. J. 31, No. 3, 269--282 (1991; Zbl 0799.35169); translation from Lit. Mat. Sb. 31, No. 3, 387--405 (1991)]. He proves this by proving an estimate for the spherical maximal function \[ S_*(f)(x) = \sup_{\lambda > 0} |S_{\lambda}(f)(x)|. \] If \(f \in L_2(T^N)\), and \(f = 0 \) on the ball \(\{ |x| < R \} \subset T^N\), then for any \(r < R\), there is a constant \(C(R, r)\) such that \[ \int_{|x| < r} |S_*f(x)|^2 \,dx \leq C \int_{T^n} |f(x)|^2 \, dx. \]