On uniqueness polynomials and bi-URS for \(p\)-adic meromorphic functions (Q5931315)

Let \(K\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, complete for an ultrametric absolute value. Let \({\mathcal M}(K)\) be the field of meromorphic functions in \(K\). We say that a non-constant polynomial \(P(z)\) is a strong uniqueness polynomial if the identity \(P(f)= cP(g)\) implies that \(f=g\) for any pair of non-constant functions \(f,g \in {\mathcal M}(K)\) and for any non-zero constant \(c \in K\). Similarly, we say that \(P\) is a weak uniqueness polynomial if the identity \(P(f)=P(g)\) implies that \(f=g\) for any pair of non-constant functions \(f,g \in {\mathcal M}(K)\). This paper gives some sufficient conditions that \(P\) becomes a strong (weak) uniqueness polynomial. To state their results, we first state the condition \((H)\) appeared in the paper. Assume that \(P(z)\) is a non-zero polynomial of degree \(q\) without multiple zeros, and its derivative is given by \[ P'(z) = q(z-d_1)^{q_1} \cdots (z-d_k)^{q_k}, \] where \(q_1 + \cdots + q_k = q-1\) and \(d_1, \dots, d_k\) are distinct zeros of \(P'\). The number \(k\) is called the derivative index of \(P\). We say that \(P\) satisfies the condition (H) if \(P(d_l) \not= P(d_m)\) for \(1 \leq l < m \leq k\). The following theorems are proved. Theorem 1. Let \(P(z)=K[z]\) have no multiple zeros, have derivative index \(k \geq 3\), and satisfy the condition (H), then \(P(z)\) is a weak uniqueness polynomial. A non-zero polynomial \(P(z)\) is said to satisfy the condition (G) if \(\sum_{i=1}^k P(d_i) \not = 0\). Theorem 2. Let \(P(z)=K[z]\) have no multiple zeros, have derivative index \(k \geq 3\), and satisfy the conditions (H) and (G), then \(P(z)\) is a strong uniqueness polynomial.