A class of nonsymmetric orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle (Q5931940)

In this interesting paper, the authors establish necessary and sufficient conditions for certain types of perturbations of orthogonal polynomials to be orthogonal polynomials. Let \(\{c_j\}^\infty_{j=-\infty}\) be a sequence of complex numbers with \(c_{-j}=\overline c_j\). Define a linear functional \({\mathcal L}\) on the set of all monomials by \[ \langle{\mathcal L}, z^j\rangle= c_j,\quad j= 0,\pm 1,\pm 2,\dots\;. \] Corresponding to \({\mathcal L}\), we define an abstract inner product on polynomials by \[ (p,q)= \Biggl\langle{\mathcal L}, p(z)\overline q\Biggl({1\over z}\Biggr)\Biggr\rangle. \] Of course, this is not an inner product in the classical sense, without some conditions on \(\{c_j\}\). If \((c_{i-j})_{0\leq i,j\leq n}\) is non-singular for all \(n\), then one can define a sequence of monic orthogonal polynomials \(\{\Phi_n\}^\infty_{n=0}\), where for \(n\geq 0\), \(\Phi_n\) is a monic polynomial of degree \(n\) and \[ (\Phi_n, \Phi_m)= d_n\delta_{mn},\quad m,n\geq 0, \] for some \(d_n\in\mathbb{C}\). In the special case that all these matrices are positive definite, then the orthogonality is classical, that is, we have orthogonality with respect to a nonnegative measure on the unit circle. Conversely, given a sequence of monic polynomials \(\{\Psi_n\}^\infty_{n=0}\), one may search for a linear functional \({\mathcal L}\) with respect to which these are orthogonal polynomials. The authors consider polynomials \(\{\Psi_n\}^\infty_{n=0}\) given by \[ \Psi_{2n}(z)= \Phi_n(z^2)+ zB_{n-1}(z^2);\quad \Psi_{2n+1}(z)= z\Phi_n(z^2)+ D_n(z^2), \] where \(B_n\), \(D_n\) have degree \(\leq n\). They obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on \(\{B_n\}\) and \(\{D_n\}\) for \(\{\Psi_n\}^\infty_{n=0}\) to be a sequence of monic orthogonal polynomials. The latter involve recurrence relations on \(\{B_n\}\), \(\{D_n\}\). The authors give some examples, and note that this problem is the unit circle analogue of a problem of T. Chihara for the real line.