Uncertainty principle estimates for vector fields (Q5937643)

The authors extend potential inequalities related to the uncertainty principle to the setting of spaces of homogeneous type, generalizing numerous previous cases. The authors consider integral operators \(T\) of the form \(Tf(x)=T(d d\mu)(x)=\int_S f(y) K(x,y) d\mu (y)\) in which \(S\) is a space of homogeneous type with underlying doubling measure \(\mu\). One assumes that \(K\) satisfies \(K(x,y)\leq C'K(x,y')\) if \(d(x,y')\leq C d(x,y)\). These conditions lead to growth properties on \(\phi(B)=\sup\{K(x,y): x,y\in B\), \(d(x,y)\geq r(cB)\}\) where \(r(B)\) is the radius of a ball \(B\). The additional condition \(\phi(B_1)\mu(B_1)\leq C(r(B_1)/r(B_2))^{\epsilon}\phi(B_2)\mu(B_2)\) is also assumed, and that a similar inequality holds with the roles of \(x,y\) reversed. This assumes the existence of a quasimetric \(d\) on \(S\), then the doubling condition is that \(\mu(2B)\leq C\mu(B)\) in which \(2B\) is the ball having the same center and twice the radius of \(B\). One fixes Young functions (i.e., nonnegative, convexly increasing) \(\Phi\) and \(\Psi\) on \((0,\infty)\) with conjugates \(\Phi'(s)=\sup_{t>0}(st-\Phi(t))\) and, similarly \(\Psi'\). One says that \(\Phi\in B_p\) provided \(\int_c^{\infty} \Phi(t)/t^{p+1} dt\) is finite for some \(c>0\). One considers the local minimal averages \(\|f\|_{\Phi,B}\) taken as the infimum of those \(\lambda>0\) such that \(\int_B \Phi(|f|)/\lambda d\mu\leq \mu(B)\) and attaches a natural maximal function of \(f\) at \(x\) by taking the sup of these norms over all balls containing \(x\). Under these hypotheses, if one takes a pair of weights \((w,v)\) such that \(\phi(B)\mu(B)^{1/q+1/p'}\|w\|_{\Psi,B}\|v^{-1}\|_{\Phi,B}\) is bounded over all balls, then, if \(\Psi'\in B_{q'}\) and \(\Phi'\in B_{p}\), the operator \(T\) satisfies the weighted norm inequality \(\|T(f)w\|_{L^q_\mu}\leq C\|fv\|_{L^p_\mu}\) with \(C\) independent of \(f\). The authors prove associated maximal functions as well. In the Euclidean setting the weighted inequality reduces to a result of Chang, Wilson and Wolff used in estimates for the Schrödinger operator. The weight condition is a sort of \(r\)-bump condition analogous to that of the Fefferman-Phong weight class. Previous results of this type were proved by Sawyer and Wheeden for special spaces of homogeneous type but with additional doubling weight conditions.