On functions with zero spherical means of complex hyperbolic spaces (Q5942009)

In 1977 \textit{V. V. Proizvolov} posed the following problem: describe the class of functions having zero integrals over all balls from \({\mathbb R}^n\) of the same fixed radius [Math. Notes 21, No. 2, 103-105 (1977; Zbl 0361.26003); translation from Mat. Zametki 21, No. 2, 183-186 (1977)]. The solution of this problem was obtained by V. V. Volchkov. It is shown that all such functions can be expressed in terms of series of a special form in spherical harmonics. The description of this class is the starting point for solving several problems related to solid spherical and surface spherical means. The methods developed are widely used in several applications like Pompeiu sets description, the Zalcman problem, etc. Thus, a solution of the Proizvolov problem for noncompact two-point-homogeneous spaces seems to be very interesting. The present article is devoted to solving the Proizvolov problem for the case of a complex hyperbolic space \(H^n\left({\mathbb C}\right)\). To formulate the main result we need the following notations. Let \(B\) be the unit open ball in \({\mathbb C}^n\), \(n\geq 2\). The measure \(\tau\) on \(B\) is defined by the relation \[ d\tau\left(z\right)= {d\mu\left(z\right)\over{\left(1-\left|z\right|^2\right)^{n+1}}}, \] where \(\mu\) is the Lebesgue measure on \({\mathbb C}^n\) normalized by the condition \(\mu\left(B\right)=1\). \(d\left(z,w\right)\) denotes the distance between the points \(z,w\in B\) in the Bergman metrics, i.e., \[ d\left(z,w\right)= {1\over 2}\log\left( {\left|1-\left<w,z\right>\right|+\sqrt{\left|w-z\right|^2+\left|\left<w,z\right>\right|^2-\left|z\right|^2\left|w\right|^2} \over{\left|1-\left<w,z\right>\right|-\sqrt{\left|w-z\right|^2+\left|\left<w ,z\right>\right|^2-\left|z\right|^2\left|w\right|^2}}} \right). \] It is known that the complex hyperbolic space \(H^n\left({\mathbb C}\right)\) of dimension \(n\) is isometric to the ball \(B\) with respect to this metric. Suppose that \(B_R=\left\{z\in B: d\left(0,z\right)<R\right\}\) is an open geodesic ball of radius \(R\). Let us denote by \(V_r\left(B_R\right)\) the set of functions \(f\in L_{\text{loc}}\left(B_R\right)\) having zero integrals (with respect to the measure \(\tau\)) over all closed geodesic balls of radius \(r\) lying in \(B_R\). Also suppose that \(S=\left\{z\in{\mathbb C}^n: \left|z\right|=1\right\}\), \(\rho\), \(\sigma\) are polar coordinates in \({\mathbb C}^n\) (for any \(z\in{\mathbb C}^n\) we assume that \(\rho=\left|z\right|\), and if \(z\neq 0\), then \(\sigma=z/\left|z\right|\)). \(S_{p,q}^k\left(\sigma\right)\) (\(p,q\geq 0\), \(1\leq k\leq N\left(n,p,q\right)\)) is an orthonormal basis in the space of spherical harmonics of bidegree \(\left(p,q\right)\) considered as a subspace of \(L^2\left(S\right)\). It is known that any function \(f\in L_{loc}\left(B_R\right)\) has the Fourier series \[ f\left(z\right)\sim\sum_{p,q=0}^\infty\sum_{k=1}^{N\left(n,p,q\right)} f_{p,q}^k\left(\rho\right)S_{p,q}^k\left(\sigma\right),\quad \rho\in\left(0,\tanh R\right), \] where \[ f_{p,q}^k\left(\rho\right)= \int_S f\left(\rho\sigma\right)\overline{S_{p,q}^k\left(\sigma\right)} d\sigma. \] The function \(\Phi_{\lambda,p,q}\) is given by the formula \[ \Phi_{\lambda,p,q}\left(\rho\right)= {\Gamma\left(\nu+q\right)\Gamma\left(\nu+p\right)\Gamma\left(n\right) \over{\Gamma\left(n+p+q\right)\Gamma^2\left(\nu\right)}} \rho^{p+q}\left(1-\rho^2\right)^\nu F\left(\nu+q,\nu+p;n+p+q;\rho^2\right), \] where \(\Gamma\) is the gamma-function, \(F\) is the hypergeometric function, \(\nu=\left(n-i\lambda\right)/2\). Also suppose that \(N\left(r\right)=\left\{\lambda>0: \phi_\lambda^{\left(n,1\right)}\left(r\right)=0\right\}\), where \[ \phi_\lambda^{\left(\alpha,\beta\right)}\left(t\right)= F\left({1\over 2}\left(\alpha+\beta+1-i\lambda\right), {1\over 2}\left(\alpha+\beta+1+i\lambda\right);\alpha+1;-\left(\sinh t\right)^2\right). \] The main result of the article is given by the following statement. \textbf{Theorem.} Let \(f\in C^\infty\left(B_R\right)\). Then \(f\in V_r\left(B_R\right)\) iff for all integers \(p,q\geq 0\) and \(1\leq k\leq N\left(n,p,q\right)\) the following relation holds true \[ f_{p,q}^k\left(\rho\right)S_{p,q}^k\left(\sigma\right)= \sum_{\lambda\in N\left(r\right)}c_{\lambda,p,q,k}\Phi_{\lambda,p,q}\left(\rho\right) S_{p,q}^k\left(\sigma\right), \] where \(c_{\lambda,p,q,k}=O\left(\lambda^{-m}\right)\) as \(\lambda\to+\infty\) for any fixed \(m>0\). To prove this result the author uses some original methods which may be successfully applied to solving similar problems. The article contains an extended bibliography that reflects several results obtained in this area.