Weak bounds for rough square and maximal operators (Q5943381)

Let \(h\in L^\gamma(\mathbb{R}^+)\), \(1< \gamma\leq 2\), with \(\text{supp}(h)\subseteq [1,2]\), and \(\Omega\in L(\text{Log}^+L)(S^{n-1})\) satisfy the mean zero property \(\int_{S^{n-1}} \Omega(\theta) d\theta= 0\), where \(S^{n-1}\) is the unit sphere on \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Let \(\Psi(x)=|x|^{-n}\Omega(x/|x|)h(|x|)\) and \(\Psi_k(x)= 2^{-kn}\Psi(x/2^k)\). The authors study a discrete square function \[ g(f)(x)= \Biggl(\sum_{k=-\infty}^\infty|\Psi_k* f(x)|^2\Biggr)^{1/2} \] and its corresponding maximal function \[ M_\Psi(f)(x)= \sup_k|\Psi_k|* |f|(x). \] Then they prove the following results. 1. If \(\int^1_0 \omega(t) t^{-1} dt< \infty\), where \(\omega(t)= \sup_{|u|< t/2} \int^\infty_0|h(r-u)- h(r)|dr\), then \(g(f)\) is of weak type \((1,1)\). 2. If \(\int^1_0 \omega^*(t) t^{-1} dt< \infty\), where \(\omega^*(t)= \sup_{|u|< t/2} \int^\infty_0||h|(r- u)-|h|(r)|dr\), then \(M_\Psi(f)\) is of weak type \((1,1)\). For the continuous square function \[ g_\Psi(f)(x)= \Biggl(\int^\infty_0 |\Psi_t *f(x)|^2 dt\Biggr)^{1/2},\text{ where }\Psi_t(x)= t^{-n}\Psi(x/t), \] they also obtain some weighted weak type estimates with power weights. All these results extend and improve some previously known theorems.