Equivalence of integral means. (Q5943580)

Let \(B_\rho\subset \mathbb{R}^d\) be a ball with center \(0\) and radius \(\rho\). The notation \(\partial B_\rho\) denotes the sphere of this ball. Let \(A_\rho f\) be the integral mean of \(f\) on the ball \(B_\rho\) given by \(A_\rho f(x):= {1\over v_d\rho^d} \int_{B_\rho} f(x+ u)\,du\), where \(v_d\) is the volume of \(B_1\). The integral mean on the sphere is \[ L_\rho f(x):= {1\over \sigma_d\rho^{d-1}} \int_{\partial B_\rho} f(x+ u)\,d\sigma(u), \] where \(\sigma_d\) is the area of \(\partial B_1\). The authors investigate the equivalence of the above integral means. More precisely, denote for a given operator \(T\) the \(k\)th iterate by \(T^k\) and \(I\) the identity operator. Then the main result is the following theorem: Theorem. For all \(d> 1\), \(r\geq 1\), \(1\leq p\leq\infty\) and \(f\in L^p(\mathbb{R}^d)\), where \(L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)\) is the set of bounded functions in \(C(\mathbb{R}^d)\), the following inequalities hold true: \[ C^{-1}\|(L_\rho- I)^r f\|_p\leq\|(A_\rho- I)^r f\|_p\leq C\|(L_\rho- I)^r f\|_p. \] For \(d=1\) we have for all \(1\leq p\leq\infty\) and \(f\in L^p(\mathbb{R})\) the estimates \[ C^{-1} \max_{0\leq \tau\leq\rho}\,\| (L_\tau- I)^r f\|_p\leq \|(A_\rho- I)^r f\|_p\leq C \max_{0\leq\tau\leq\rho}\,\|(L_\tau- I)^r f\|_p. \] The constant \(C> 0\) in the above estimates depends only on \(r\) and \(d\).