Associative rings whose adjoint semigroup is locally nilpotent (Q5943640)

Let \(R\) be a ring with Levitzki radical \(L\). Then (1) for each positive integer \(n\), the adjoint semigroup \(R^{\text{ad}}\) is nilpotent of class \(n\) if and only if \(R\) is Lie-nilpotent of class \(n\); (2) if \(R^{\text{ad}}\) is locally nilpotent then \(R/L\) is commutative; (3) if \(R\) is a (Jacobson) radical ring then the adjoint group \(R^\circ\) is locally nilpotent if and only if \(R\) is locally Lie-nilpotent. If \(R\) is a radical ring of finitely many generators and \(R^\circ\) is locally nilpotent then \(L\) is nilpotent, \(R/L\) is commutative and \(R^\circ\) is a nilpotent group. Every finitely generated Lie-nilpotent ring is residually finite as a ring.