Estimates for powers of sub-Laplacian on the non-isotropic Heisenberg group (Q5950226)

The paper provides a rather instructive excursion into harmonic analysis on the Heisenberg group \(H_n\) with underlying manifold \(\mathbb{C}^n \times \mathbb{R}\) equipped with the multiplication law \[ [z,t] \cdot[w,s]= [z+w,t+ s+2 \text{Im}\Sigma a_jz_j \overline w_j], \] where \(z=(z_1, \dots,z_n)\), \(w= (w_1, \dots,w_n) \in\mathbb{C}^n\); \(t,s\in \mathbb{R}\); and positive integers \(a_1, \dots, a_n\). The interest is focused on the fundamental solutions of the powers of the sub-Laplacian \[ {\mathcal L}_\alpha =-{1\over 2}\sum(Z_j\overline Z_j+ \overline Z_jZ_j) +i\alpha T \] \((Z_j=\partial/ \partial\overline z_j-ia_jz_j \partial/ \partial t\), \(T=\partial/ \partial t)\) and on the heat kernel. Laguerre calculus together with twisted and principal value convolutions are introduced in order to explicitly calculate the fundamental solution \(\psi_m\) of the powers \({\mathcal L}_\alpha^m\), where \(m\) is a fixed integer, \(0\leq m\leq n\). Complex powers are studied by using the heat kernel \[ \exp(-s{\mathcal L}_\alpha) ={ 1\over (\pi s)^{n+1}} \int\nu (\tau)\tau^n e^{2\alpha \tau-{2\tau \over s}g( \tau, z,t)} d\tau, \] where \(g\) is the complex distance and \(\nu\) the volume. Estimates in Hardy spaces and in the space BHO (ensuring hypoellipticity) are involved.