Local triality and some related algebras (Q5952420)

An algebra \(A\) over a field \(F\) is a symmetric composition algebra if it is endowed with a regular quadratic form \(q\), the norm, satisfying \[ q(xy)= q(x)q(y), \qquad q(xy,z)= q(x,yz) \] for any \(x,y,z\in A\) where \(q(x,y)= q(x+y)- q(x)- q(y)\). There are two types of symmetric composition algebras, the para-Hurwitz algebras and the pseudo-octonion algebras. Let \(A\) be an eight-dimensional symmetric composition algebra \(A\) with norm \(q\) over a field of characteristic \(\neq 2\). Then for any \(d_0\in o(A,q)\) there are uniquely determined \(d_1,d_2\in o(A,q)\) such that \(d_0(xy)= d_1(x)y+ xd_2(y)\) for any \(x,y\in A\) (principle of local triality). Such triples \((d_0,d_1,d_2)\) are called related triples. The map \(d_0\to d_1\) is an automorphism of order 3 of \(o(A,q)\) whose fixed subalgebra is the derivation algebra of \(A\). Let \(\Phi\) be a unital commutative and associative ground ring, and let \({\mathcal S}\) be the variety of \(\Phi\)-algebras satisfying \[ (xy)x= x(yx), \qquad U_{xy,z}= U_{x,yz}, \] where \(U_x= L_xR_x= R_xL_x\) and \(U_{x,y}= U_{x+y}- U_x- U_y\). Moreover, let \({\mathcal {SC}}\) be the subvariety of \({\mathcal S}\) defined by the additional condition \(U_x(yz)= (U_xy)z\). The authors show: (1) Any algebra is in variety \({\mathcal {SC}}\) is Malcev-additive. (2) The semiprime algebras in \({\mathcal S}\) and in \({\mathcal {SC}}\) coincide. (3) Assume \(A\) is a simple algebra in \({\mathcal S}\) on which \(\Phi\) acts without 2-torsion. Then there is a field extension \(F\) of \(\Phi\) such that \(A\) is a symmetric composition algebra over \(F\). Conversely, any symmetric composition algebra over an extension field of \(\Phi\) is a simple algebra in the variety \({\mathcal S}\). (4) Let \(A\) be a prime algebra in \({\mathcal S}\) such that \(\Phi\) acts without 2-torsion on it. Then \(A\) is a central order in a symmetric composition algebra over a field extension \(F\) of \(\Phi\). Vice versa, any \(\Phi\)-algebra which is such a central order is a prime algebra in the variety \({\mathcal S}\).