Knotting of algebraic curves in \(\mathbb{C} P^2\) (Q5952743)

The article is devoted to the construction, for any natural \(k \geq 3\), of infinitely many pairwise smoothly non-isotopic oriented smooth surfaces \(F\subset\mathbb{C} P^2\) such that \(F\) represents the class \(2k[\mathbb{C} P^1] \in H_2(\mathbb{C} P^2)\), the genus of \(F\) is equal to \((2k-1)(k-1)\), and \(\pi_1 (\mathbb{C} P^2\smallsetminus F)\) is isomorphic to \(\mathbb{Z}/2k\). The construction is based on a version of the ``rim-surgery'' of [\textit{R. Fintushel} and \textit{R. J. Stern}, Math. Res. Lett. 4, No. 6, 907-914 (1997; Zbl 0894.57014)]. This version is applied for knotting a surface \(F_0\) along an annulus membrane, where \(F_0=\mathbb{C} A\) is the complex point set of a nonsingular real algebraic curve \(A\) of degree \(2k\) in \(\mathbb{C} P^2\) whose real point set \(\mathbb{R} A\) consists of a nest of depth \(k\). As an annulus membrane, one can take the closure of one of \(k-1\) connected components of \(\mathbb{R} P^2\smallsetminus\mathbb{R} A\) which are homeomorphic to an annulus. To distinguish the obtained surfaces, the author proves that the double coverings of \(\mathbb{C} P^2\) ramified along these surfaces are not pairwise diffeomorphic. The proof uses the formula of [\textit{R. Fintushel} and \textit{R. J. Stern}, Invent. Math. 134, No. 2, 363-400 (1998; Zbl 0914.57015)] for Seiberg-Witten invariants of a 4-manifold after a certain surgery.