On second-order periodic elliptic operators in divergence form (Q5953581)

The authors study the asymptotic behaviour of second-order strongly elliptic operators with complex periodic coefficients in divergence form. The first result is that, if the coefficients of the operator are continuous, the corresponding semigroups have bounded kernel which, with their Hölder derivatives, verify good large time Gaussian bounds. The second result obtained is that the first-order Riesz transforms are bounded on the Lebesgue spaces in all the range of \(p\) between 1 and \(\infty\). The authors also consider Hölder continuous coefficients and prove that the first-order derivatives of the kernel satisfy good Gaussian bounds. Also they obtain, for the derivatives of second order, that they exist and verify good bounds if and only if the coefficients are divergence free or if and only if the Riesz transforms of second order are bounded. About the third-order derivatives it is proved a necessary condition, precisely if they exist with good bounds the coefficients are constants.