Generalized Lie bialgebroids and Jacobi structures (Q5955636)

The authors introduce and investigate a deformation of the notion of a Lie algebroid and Lie bialgebroid in the sense of \textit{K. Mackenzie} and \textit{P. Xu} [Duke Math. J. 73, 415-452 (1994; Zbl 0844.22005)] in the presence of 1-cocyles in such a way that any Jacobi manifold induces a canonical generalized Lie bialgebroid. More precisely, let \([\cdot,\cdot]\) be a Lie algebroid bracket on a vector bundle \(A\) over \(M\), and let \(\varphi_0\in\Gamma(A^*)\) be a 1-cocycle, i.e. \(\text{d}\varphi_0=0\) for the corresponding de Rham exterior differential \(\text{d}\). Then, one can consider the deformed \(\varphi_0\)-differential \[ \text{d}_{\varphi_0}\omega=\text{d}\omega+\varphi_0\wedge \omega \] and the corresponding \(\varphi_0\)-Lie derivative \({\mathcal L}_{\varphi_0}\). One can also obtain accordingly the \(\varphi_0\)-Schouten bracket \([\cdot,\cdot]_{\varphi_0}\). The pair \(((A,\varphi_0),(A^*,X_0))\) of generalized Lie algebroids is called a generalized Lie bialgebroid if for all \(\mu\in\Gamma(\bigwedge^kA^*)\), \(\nu\in\Gamma(\bigwedge^l A^*)\) \[ \text{d}_{\varphi_0}[\mu,\nu]_{X_0}=[\text{d}_{\varphi_0}\mu ,\nu]_{X_0}-(-1)^k[\mu,\text{d}_{\varphi_0}\nu]_{X_0} \] (in fact, in the paper a different but equivalent condition is given). Now, let \((\Lambda,E)\) be a Jacobi structure on \(M\). Then, the induced canonical Lie algebroid structure on \(A=T^*M\oplus{\mathbb R}\) discovered by \textit{Y. Kerbrat} and \textit{Z. Souici-Benhammadi} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I 317, 81-86 (1993; Zbl 0804.58015)] with the 1-cocycle \(\varphi_0((\mu,f)) =-E(\mu)\) forms a generalized Lie bialgebroid with the generalized Lie algebroid \((TM\oplus{\mathbb R},X_0)\), where on \(A^*=TM\oplus{\mathbb R}\) we take the Lie algebroid structure of first-order differential operators \[ [(Y_1+g_1),(Y_2+g_2)]=[Y_1,Y_2]+(Y_1(g_2)-Y_2(g_1)) \] and the 1-cocycle is \(X_0((Y,g))=g\). As a kind of converse, it is proved that on the base of any generalized Lie bialgebroid a Jacobi structure is determined. It is also shown that it is possible to construct a Lie bialgebroid from a generalized Lie bialgebroid, so a duality theorem can be deduced. Finally, some special cases are considered: triangular generalized Lie bialgebroids and generalized Lie bialgebras.