An application of the Fermat quotient of units to the method of Kim (Q5956158)

Let \(p\) be an odd prime and \(m\) a natural number such that \(m\not\equiv 2\mod 4\) and \(m\varphi(m)\not\equiv 0\mod p\). Let \(K\) be an abelian field of conductor \(m\) or \(mp\). Let \(K_Z\) be the decomposition field of \(p\) in \(K/\mathbb Q\). Let \(\mathbb Q_n\) be the \(n\) the layer of the \(\mathbb Z_p\)-extension of \(\mathbb Q\), and put \(K_n=K\mathbb Q_n\), \(K_0=K\). For any field \(L\), let \(L^+\) denote the maximal real subfield of \(L\). For any \(n>n'\geq 0\), let \(G_{n,n'}\) denote the Galois group of \(K_n/K_{n'}\). Let \(E_n\) and \(C_n\) be the groups of units and cyclotomic units of \(K_n\), respectively. Take \(B'\) to be the product of generalized Bernoulli numbers \(B'=\prod_\chi B_{1,\overline{\chi_1}\omega^{-1}}\), let \(B''_k= \prod_\chi\prod_q(1-\chi_1(q)q^{-k})\), and put \(B(p,K)=B'B''_{p-1}\). Here \(\chi\) ranges through the characters \(\neq 1\) of \(\text{Gal}(K^+_Z/\mathbb Q)\), \(\chi_1\) is the primitive character induced by \(\chi\), \(\omega\) is the \(p\)-Teichmüller character, and \(q\) runs over the prime factors of \(m\). Generalizing results of \textit{J. M. Kim} [Nagoya Math. J. 140, 101-116 (1995; Zbl 0848.11055) and Acta Arith. 72, No. 4, 335-345 (1995; Zbl 0841.11056)], the author proves the following theorems: 1. If \(K=\mathbb Q(\zeta_{mp})\) and \(B''_0\neq 0\), then the cohomology group \(\widehat H^{-1}(G_{n,0},C_n)\) has an explicitly given set of generators for any \(n\geq 1.\) 2. If \(K=\mathbb Q(\zeta_{mp})\) and \(B(p,K)\not\equiv 0\mod p\), then the homomorphism \(H^1(G_{n,n'},C_n)\rightarrow H^1(G_{n,n'},E_n)\) induced by the inclusion \(C_n\rightarrow E_n\) is injective for all \(n>n'\geq 0.\) 3. If \(B'\equiv 0\mod p\) and \(B_0''\neq 0\), then the class number of \(K^+_n\) is divisible by \(p\) for all \(n\geq 1.\) 4. If \(B(p,K)\not\equiv 0\mod p\), then any ideal class of \(K^+_n\) containing a prime ideal dividing \(p\) is of order prime to \(p.\)