Localization of Baum-Bott residues, generalized curves and \(K\)-theory. I. Foliations in \(\mathbb{C}^2\) (Q5956906)

This paper gives new and clear explanations of the geometrical meaning and relations between: Baum-Bott residues, Poincaré-Hopf index (\(PH\)), Goméz-Mont-Seade-Verjovsky index (\(GSV\)) and Milnor numbers (\(\mu\)), which are naturally associated to holomorphic foliations having isolated singularities on the complex plane. Let \(v\) be a holomorphic vector field on a neigborhood of a point \(m_0\) in the complex plane, \(m_0\) is a non dicritical isolated singularity of \(v\). Let \(f=0\) be a reduced equation of the maximal separatrix \(V\) through \(m_0\), and consider the Hamiltonian vector field \(v_f\) (which is tangent to the curves \(f=c\)), finally define \(\Sigma\) as the set of points where \(v\) and \(v_f\) are collinear. The authors assume as hypothesis that the foliations defined by \(v\) and \(v_f\) are distinct. The authors prove that the Baum-Bott residue of \(v\) at \(m_0\), and the difference \(PH- \mu\) of the Poincaré-Hopf and the Milnor number of \(V\), are localized near the separatrices and pseudo-separatrices (this is at \(\Sigma\)). The term localized means that these numbers depend only on the behavior of \(v\) in a tubular neighborhood of \(\Sigma\). Also, a description of the behavior of the \(GSV\) index under blow-up is given. Some clear examples are provided. Finally, the meaning of the \(PH-\mu\) and the \(GSV\) index in \(K\)-theory is explored. A characterization of generalized curves (roughly speaking; foliations such that its resolutions have the same singularities as the foliation of \(v_f\)) is given using the interpretation in \(K\)-theory.