\(L^p\) boundedness for parabolic Littlewood-Paley operators with rough kernels belonging to block spaces (Q5962264)

Let \(\alpha _{i}\) \(\geq 1,\) \(1\leq i\leq n,\) be fixed real numbers and set \( \alpha =\alpha _{1}+\cdots +\alpha _{n}\). For fixed \(x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}\), the function \(F(x,\rho )=\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{x_{i}^{2}}{\rho ^{2\alpha _{i}}}\) is a strictly decreasing function of \(\rho >0\) and hence there exists a unique \(\rho (x)\) such that \(F(x,\rho (x))=1.\) For \(t>0,\) set \( A_{t}=\mathrm{diag}[t^{\alpha _{1}},\ldots ,t^{\alpha _{n}}]\). Let \(\psi \in \mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R}^{n})\) satisfy \(\hat{\psi}(0)=0\) and set \(\psi _{t}(x)=t^{-\alpha }\psi (A_{1/t}x)\) for \(t>0.\) Then the Littlewood-Paley operator related to \(A_{t}\) is defined by \[ g_{\psi }f(x)=\left( \int_{0}^{\infty }\left| \psi _{t}\ast f(x)\right| ^{2}\frac{dt}{t}\right) ^{1/2}. \] A theorem of \textit{W. R. Madych} [Studia Math. 50, 43--63 (1974; Zbl 0247.44005)] shows that \(g_{\psi }\) is of type \((p,p)\) for \(1<p<\infty \). Let \(\Omega \) be a real-valued function on \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) which satisfies the homogeneity condition \(\Omega (A_{t}x)=\Omega (x)\) for all \(t>0.\) For \( x^{\prime }\in \mathbb{S}^{n-1},\) set \(J(x^{\prime })=\alpha _{1}x_{1}^{\prime 2}+\cdots +\alpha _{n}x_{n}^{\prime 2}\) and hence \(dx=\rho ^{\alpha -1}J(x^{\prime })d\rho d\sigma (x^{\prime })\), where \(d\sigma \) is the surface measure on \(\mathbb{S}^{n-1}\). \textit{Q.\,Y. Xue}, \textit{Y. Ding}, and \textit{K. Yabuta} [Acta Math. Sin., Engl. Ser. 24, No. 12, 2049--2060 (2008; Zbl 1151.42007)] showed that \(g_{\psi }\) is still of type \((p,p)\) for \(1<p<\infty \) if \ \(\psi \) is replaced by \(\psi (x)=\Omega (x)\rho (x)^{\alpha -1}\chi _{\left\{ \rho (x)\leq 1\right\} }(x)\) and \(\Omega \in L^{q}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1})\) for some \( q>1.\) We point out \ that if \(\alpha _{1}=\cdots =\alpha _{n}=1,\) then \(\rho (x)=\left| x\right| \) and \(g_{\psi }=\mu _{\Omega },\) the classical Marcinkiewicz \ integral operator which was studied by \textit{E. Stein} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 88, 430--466 (1958; Zbl 0105.05104)]. The main result of the paper under review is that \(g_{\psi }\) is of type \((p,p)\) for \(1<p<\infty \) if \(\Omega \in \bigcup_{q>1}B_{q}^{0,-1/2}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1})\) which contains \(\bigcup_{q>1}L^{q}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1})\) as a proper subspace\(,\) where \(B_{q}^{0,\nu }(\mathbb{S}^{n-1})\) (\(\nu >-1)\) is a certain class of block spaces.