On \(W_2\)-lifting of Frobenius of algebraic surfaces (Q5963288)

The author completely determines which smooth projective minimal algebraic surfaces over algebraically closed fields of positive characteristic have liftable Frobenius morphisms over the truncated Witt rings \(W_2\) of length 2. In particular, the author observes the nonexistence of such liftings for minimal algebraic surfaces of positive Kodaira dimension due to the effectiveness of high powers of their canonical divisors. The nonexistence of such liftings for \(K3\) surfaces, Enriques surfaces, and quasi-hyperelliptic surfaces is given as a consequence of the their canonical line bundles being torsion. The author observes that hyperelliptic surfaces of type b, c, and d in characteristic \(2\) or \(3\) do not have \(W_2\)-liftable Frobenius morphisms because such a surface is isomorphic to the quotient of a product of two elliptic curves, one of which is be supersingular. Furthermore, any other hyperelliptic surface with \(W_2\)-liftable Frobenius morphisms must have ordinary associated elliptic curves with \(\omega_{X/k}^{\otimes(p-1)} \cong \mathscr{O}_X\). Then, the author demonstrates that the only other minimal algebraic surfaces with \(W_2\) liftable Frobenius morphisms over the truncated Witt rings of length 2 are the ruled surfaces over the projective line and ruled surfaces over ordinary elliptic curves, and explicitly constructs such liftings. Finally, the author demonstrates that the \(W_2\)-liftability of Frobenius morphisms is not a birational property by considering rational elliptic surfaces and quasi-elliptic surfaces in characteristic \(3\).