On \(q\)-orthogonal polynomials, dual to little and big \(q\)-Jacobi polynomials (Q596712)

In this paper the authors obtain discrete orthogonality relations for two sets of \(q\)-orthogonal polynomials which can be considered as dual sets of polynomials, with respect to little and big \(q\)-Jacobi polynomials. This is achieved using bases consisting of eigenvectors of certain self-adjoint operators representable by a Jacobi matrix. More specifically, the authors diagonalize certain self-adjoint bounded operators with the aid of big or little \(q\)-Jacobi polynomials. An explicit form of all eigenvectors of these operators is found. Since their spectra are simple, eigenvectors of each such operator form an orthogonal basis in a Hilbert space. Thus a unitary real matrix \(U\) is obtained, whose entries \(u_{mn}\) are explicitly expressed in terms of little or big \(q\)-Jacobi polynomials. Since the matrix \(U\) is unitary there are two orthogonality relations for its elements. The first expresses the orthogonality relation for little or big \(q\)-Jacobi polynomials. The interpretation of the second orthogonality relation leads to two new sets of orthogonal functions, which can be expressed in terms of \(q\)-orthogonal polynomials. These two sets of \(q\)-orthogonal polynomials are dual sets of little and big \(q\)-Jacobi polynomials, respectively. Recurrence relations for these polynomials are also obtained.