Generalization of the ABC theorem on locally nilpotent derivations (Q6046804)

Let \(\mathbb{K}\) be an algebraically closed field, and \(D\) a locally nilpotent derivation on a commutative \(\mathbb{K}\)-domain \(B\). Let \(m, n_{1},\dots, n_{m}\) be positive integers, \(m\geq 3\), and \(a_{i}\) (\(1\leq i\leq m\)) nonzero elements in Ker\,\(D\). Furthermore, let \(k_{ij}\) be positive integers, \(b_{ij}\in B\) (\(1\leq i\leq m, 1\leq j\leq n_{i}\)), and \(f_{i} = a_{i}b_{i1}^{k_{i1}}\dots b_{in_{i}}^{k_{in_{i}}}\in B\) (\(1\leq i\leq m\)). The main result of the paper under review states that if \(f_{1},\dots, f_{m}\) are pairwise relatively prime, \(\sum_{i=1}^{m}f_{i}=0\) and \(\sum_{i=1}^{m}\sum_{j=1}^{n_{i}}{\frac{1}{k_{ij}}}\leq {\frac{1}{m-2}}\), then \(b_{ij}\in\)\,Ker\,\(D\) (\(1\leq i\leq m, 1\leq j\leq n_{i}\)). This is a generalization of the classical ABC theorem, which states (with the above notation) that whenever \(x, y, z\) are pairwise relatively prime elements of \(B\) such that \(x^{a} + y^{b}+z^{c} = 0\) for some integers \(a, b, c\geq 2\) with \(a^{-1} + b^{-1}+ c^{-1}\leq 1\), then \(\mathbb{K}[x, y, z]\subseteq\) Ker\,\(D\) for all locally nilpotent derivations \(D\) of \(B\). (The statement of the ABC theorem corresponds to the case \(m=3\), \(n_{1}=n_{2}=n_{3}=1\) and \(a_{1}=a_{2}=a_{3}=1\).) The obtained result is applied to the construction of rigid and semirigid algebras and to the description of the Makar-Limanov invariant of algebras of a special form.