Hypoellipticity for certain systems of complex vector fields (Q6048579)

In 1981, François Treves stated a conjecture for the validity of the smooth hypoellipticity for certain systems defined by complex, real-analytic vector fields. More precisely, given \(n\geq1\) linearly independent, real-analytic, pairwise commuting vector fields \(L_j\), defined in an open neighborhood of the origin in \(\mathbb R^{n+1}\), the overdetermined system \(L_ju = f\) would be hypoelliptic in a neighborhood of the origin if and only if any first integral \(Z\) of the system, that is, any smooth solution to the homogeneous system \(LZ = 0\), with \(dZ \neq 0\), is everywhere open. With the exception of the case when the system is in the so called tube form, for which \textit{H. M. Maire} [Commun. Partial Differ. Equations 5, 331--380 (1980; Zbl 0436.35024)] has proved the validity of the conjecture, and the case \(n=1\) which is completely known [\textit{F. Treves}, Analytic partial differential equations. Cham: Springer (2022; Zbl 1495.35002)], the general case is still open. In the present paper, the authors give a partial answer to the general conjecture by considering the smooth and Gevrey hypoellipticity for systems of \(n\) real-analytic, complex vector fields in \(n+1\) variables with \(n\geq2\).