On the local solvability and the local integrability of systems of vector fields (Q790339)

Let \(D\) be a domain in \(\mathbb R^{n+1}\) and let \(L_ j=\partial /\partial t_ j+s_ j(t,x)\partial /\partial x\), \(j=1,...,m\) be linear differential operators, where \(t\in \mathbb R^ m\), \(x\in\mathbb R\), and \(s_ j\) is a real analytic function in \(D\). In addition, one needs the Frobenius condition \([L_ j\), \(L_ k]=0\), \(j,k=1,...,m\). Let \(Z\) be the unique solution of the Cauchy problem with data \(x\) in \(D\) (i.e. \(L_ jZ=0\), \(j=1,...,m\), \(Z|_{t=0}=x)\). One says that the vector field \(L\) has the property (P) at the point \(p\in D\) if \(p\) has a neighborhood basis \(U^ n_ p\) such that the set \(\{(t,x)\in U^ n_ p: Z(t,x)=z_ 0,\;z_ 0\in \mathbb C\}\) is connected for every \(z_ 0\in \mathbb C\). The author then shows that (i) if condition (P) does not hold at some point \(p_ 0\), then there exists a neighborhood \(U\) of \(p_ 0\) and \(f_ 1,...,f_ m\in {\mathcal C}(U)\) such that (1) \(L_ jf_ k=L_ kf_ j\), \(j,k=1,...,m\) for which the system of equations \(L_ ju=f_ j\), \(j=1,...,m\) has no distribution solution \(u\) in \(U\); (ii) if there exists a neighborhood \(V\) of \(p_ 0\) such that condition (P) holds at every point of \(V\), then if \(f_ 1,...,f_ m\in {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(V)\) satisfies (1) in \(V\), then there exists \(W\subset V\) an open neighborhood of \(p_ 0\) and \(u\in {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(W)\) such that \(L_ ju=f_ j\), \(j=1,...,m\) in \(W\).