Nonintegrability of truncated Poincaré-Dulac normal forms of resonance degree two (Q6048941)

The author applies the method of differential Galois theory to investigate the nonintegrability of a class of three-dimensional and four-dimensional polynomial differential systems: \begin{align*} \dot{x}_{1}&= -\omega x_2+\alpha_1x_1x_3-\alpha_2x_2x_3 +(\beta_1(x_1^2+x_2^2)+\beta_2x_3^2)x_1-(\beta_3(x_1^2+x_2^2)+\beta_4x_3^2)x_2, \\ \dot{x}_2&= \omega x_1+\alpha_2x_1x_3+\alpha_1x_2x_3 +(\beta_3(x_1^2+x_2^2)+\beta_4x_3^2)x_1+(\beta_1(x_1^2+x_2^2)+\beta_2x_3^2)x_2, \\ \dot{x}_3&= \alpha_3(x_1^2+x_2^2)+\alpha_4x_3^2+(\beta_5(x_1^2+x_2^2)+\beta_6x_3^2)x_3 , \end{align*} and \begin{align*} \dot{x}_{1}=\ &-\omega_1x_2+(\alpha_1(x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2})+\alpha_2(x_{3}^{2}+x_{4}^{2}))x_1-(\tilde{\alpha}_{1}(x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2})+\tilde{\alpha}_{2}(x_{3}^{2}+x_{4}^{2}))x_2\\ &+(\beta_1(x_1^2+x_2^2)^2+\beta_2(x_3^2+x_4^2)^2+\beta_3(x_1^2+x_2^2)(x_3^2+x_4^2))x_1\\ &-(\tilde{\beta}_1(x_1^2+x_2^2)^2+\tilde{\beta}_2(x_3^2+x_4^2)^2+\tilde{\beta}_3(x_1^2+x_2^2)(x_3^2+x_4^2))x_2, \\ \dot{x}_2= \ &\omega_{1}x_{1}+(\tilde{\alpha}_{1}(x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2})+\tilde{\alpha}_{2}(x_{3}^{2}+x_{4}^{2}))x_{1}+(\alpha_{1}(x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2})+\alpha_{2}(x_{3}^{2}+x_{4}^{2}))x_{2} \\ &+(\tilde{\beta}_1(x_1^2+x_2^2)^2+\tilde{\beta}_2(x_3^2+x_4^2)^2+\tilde{\beta}_3(x_1^2+x_2^2)(x_3^2+x_4^2))x_1\\ &+(\beta_1(x_1^2+x_2^2)^2+\beta_2(x_3^2+x_4^2)^2+\beta_3(x_1^2+x_2^2)(x_3^2+x_4^2))x_2, \\ \dot{x}_3=\ &-\omega_2x_4+(\alpha_3(x_1^2+x_2^2)+\alpha_4(x_3^2+x_4^2)^2)x_3-(\tilde{\alpha}_3(x_1^2+x_2^2)+\tilde{\alpha}_4(x_3^2+x_4^2))x_4\\ &+(\beta_4(x_1^2+x_2^2)^2+\beta_5(x_3^2+x_4^2)^2+\beta_6(x_1^2+x_2^2)(x_3^2+x_4^2))x_3 \\ &-(\tilde{\beta}_4(x_1^2+x_2^2)^2+\tilde{\beta}_5(x_3^2+x_4^2)^2+\tilde{\beta}_6(x_1^2+x_2^2)(x_3^2+x_4^2))x_4, \\ \dot{x}_{4}=\ &\omega_{2}x_{3}+(\tilde{\alpha}_{3}(x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2})+\tilde{\alpha}_{4}(x_{3}^{2}+x_{4}^{2}))x_{3}+(\alpha_{3}(x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2})+\alpha_{4}(x_{3}^{2}+x_{4}^{2}))x_{4} \\ &+(\tilde{\beta}_4(x_1^2+x_2^2)^2+\tilde{\beta}_5(x_3^2+x_4^2)^2+\tilde{\beta}_6(x_1^2+x_2^2)(x_3^2+x_4^2))x_3 \\ &+(\beta_4(x_1^2+x_2^2)^2+\beta_5(x_3^2+x_4^2)^2+\beta_6(x_1^2+x_2^2)(x_3^2+x_4^2))x_4 , \end{align*} which arise from truncated Poincaré-Dulac normal forms. The author provides a broad range of parameters for which the two systems are nonintegrable. These findings improve the previous results of the author in [Commun. Math. Phys. 398, No. 3, 1129--1152 (2023; Zbl 1518.34004)]. The proof lies in two key aspects. Firstly, the author reformulates the study of these two systems into an integrability analysis of planar polynomial systems, thus relying on results from [\textit{P. B. Acosta-Humánez} et al., J. Differ. Equations 264, No. 12, 7183--7212 (2018; Zbl 1414.12009)]. Secondly, the author enhances his prior results with \textit{P. B. Acosta-Humánez} [Nonlinearity 33, No. 4, 1366--1387 (2020; Zbl 1439.37053)], developing new criteria for assessing the commutativity of Galois groups. The outcome of this paper is valuable for the investigation of the integrability of ordinary differential equations through the application of differential algebraic methods.