Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of projective monomial curves via sumsets (Q6052712)

Let \(A=\{a_0,a_1,\ldots,a_{n-1}=:d\}\subset \mathbb N\) be a set of non-negative integers such that \(a_0<a_1<\cdots<a_{n-1}\); if \(a_0=0\) and \(\gcd(a_1,\ldots,a_{n-1})=1\), then \(A\) is said to be in normal form. In this review, we assume that \(A\) is in normal form. For \(s\in\mathbb N\) let \(sA\) be the \(s\)-\textit{fold sumset} of \(A\). Set \({\mathbf a}_0:=(0,d), {\mathbf a}_1:=(a_1,d-a_1),\ldots,{\mathbf a}_{n-1}:=(d,0)\), considered as points in \({\mathbb N}^2\), set \({\mathbf A}:=\{{\mathbf a}_0,\ldots,{\mathbf a}_{n-1}\}\), and let \({\mathcal S}\subset {\mathbb N}^2\) be the subsemigroup generated by~\(\mathbf A\). There are a lot more of invariants associated to \(A\). \(\mathcal S_1\) resp.\ \(\mathcal S_2\) are the subsemigroups of \(\mathbb N\) generated by \(A\) resp.\ by \(d-A\), \(\sigma(A)\in\mathbb N\) is the sumset regularity of \(S\) [cf.\ Def.\ 1.3]. Let \(k\) be an infinite field and \({\mathcal C}_A\subset k^2\) be the projective algebraic curve of degree \(d\) parameterized by \(\mathbf A\): \[ {\mathcal C}_A=\{(v^d:u^{a_1}v^{d-a_1}:\cdots: u^{a_{n-2}}v^{d-a_{n-2}}:u^d)\mid (u:v)\in\mathbb P^1_k\}\subset \mathbb P^{n-1}_k. \] Let \(\varphi\colon k[x_0,\ldots,x_{n-1}]\to k[u,v]\) be the homomorphism defined by \(\varphi(x_i)=u^{a_i}v^{d-a_i}\) for \(i\in\{0,\ldots,n-1\}\), and let \(I(\mathcal C_A)\) be its kernel, a homogenous binomial prime ideal. Let \(\mathrm{r}(k[\mathcal C_A])\) be the \textit{regularity of the Hilbert function} and let \(\mathrm{reg}(k[\mathcal C_A])\) be the \textit{Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity} of \(k[\mathcal C_A]\). The Apéry set \(\mathrm{AP}_{\mathcal S}\) and the exceptional set \(E_{\mathcal S}\) of \(\mathcal S\) are defined in Def.\ 2.3, for \(i=1,2\) the \textit{Apéry set} \(\mathrm{Ap}_i\) of \(\mathcal S_i\) \textit{with respect to} \(d\) is defined on page 6, last line. Results: Criteria for the Cohen-Macaulayness of \(\mathcal C_A\) in terms of \(\mathrm{AP}_S\) and \(E_S\): Prop.\ 2.6. Determination of \(\sigma(A)\): Th.\ 3.1, Prop.\ 3.2. Upper and lower bounds for \(\mathrm{reg}(k[\mathcal C_A])\): Th.\ 3.7, Th.\ 3.16, Prop.\ 3.20 (new proof for the upper bound of \(\mathrm{reg}(k[\mathcal C_A])\) in the case that \(\mathcal C_A\) is arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay, originally stated by \textit{J. Elias} [Mediterr. J. Math. 19, No. 4, Paper No. 177, 11 p. (2022; Zbl 1503.13009)]. In section 4 it is shown that the difference \(D:= \mathrm{reg}(k[\mathcal C_A])-\mathrm{r}(k[\mathcal C_A])\) can be characterized in terms of the Betti diagram of \(k[\mathcal C_A]\): Th.\ 4.3. In the last section the authors consider relations between bounds for \(\sigma(A)\) and \(\mathrm{reg}(k[\mathcal C_A])\).