Radial extension of \(\Gamma\)-limits (Q6058394)
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scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7758561
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English | Radial extension of \(\Gamma\)-limits |
scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7758561 |
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Radial extension of \(\Gamma\)-limits (English)
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1 November 2023
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A function \(F:X\rightarrow \lbrack 0,\infty ]\), where \(X\) is a vector space, is called radially uniformly upper semicontinuous if there exists \(a>0\) such that \(\lim \sup_{t\rightarrow 1^{-}}\sup_{u\in \mathrm{dom}(F)}\frac{F(tu)-F(u}{a+F(u) }\leq 0\), where \(\mathrm{dom}(F)\) is the effective domain of \(F\).\ The radial extension \(\widehat{F}\) of \(F\) is defined as \(\widehat{F}(u)=\lim \inf_{t\rightarrow 1^{-}}F(tu)\).\ The authors recall properties of radially uniformly upper semicontinuous functions and of their radially extensions, especially a stability result under \(\Gamma \)-convergence:\ If \( \{F_{\varepsilon }\}_{\varepsilon >0}\) is a sequence of radially uniformly upper semicontinuous functions which \(\Gamma \)-converges to \(F\), then \(F\) is radially uniformly upper semicontinuous. If moreover \(\mathrm{dom}(F)\) is super-strongly star-shaped, that is \(t\overline{\mathrm{dom}(F)}\subset \mathrm{int}(\mathrm{dom}(F))\) for all \(t\in \lbrack 0,1]\), then \(\widehat{F}=F\). The authors partly refer to their previous work [Boll. Unione Mat. Ital. 7, No. 1, 1-18 (2014; Zbl 1301.49031)]. The first main result of the paper proves that if \( \{F_{\varepsilon }\}_{\varepsilon >0}\) is a sequence of radially uniformly upper semicontinuous functions such that \(\Gamma \)-\(\lim_{\varepsilon \rightarrow 0}F_{\varepsilon }(u)=F(u)\) on \(D\), and if \(D,E\) satisfy \( tE\subset D\) for all \(t\in \lbrack 0,1]\) and \(\mathrm{dom}(\Gamma \)-\(\lim \inf_{\varepsilon \rightarrow 0}F_{\varepsilon })\subset E\), then \(\Gamma \)-\( \lim_{\varepsilon \rightarrow 0}F_{\varepsilon }(u)=\widehat{F}+\chi _{E}\). The second main result proves that if \(D\subset X\) is super-strongly star-shaped, that is \(t\overline{D}\subset \mathrm{int}D\) for all \(t\in \lbrack 0,1]\) and if \(\{F_{\varepsilon }\}_{\varepsilon >0}\) is a sequence of radially uniformly upper semi-continuous functions such that \(\Gamma \)-\( \lim_{\varepsilon \rightarrow 0}F_{\varepsilon }=F\), then \(\Gamma \)-\( \lim_{\varepsilon \rightarrow 0}(F_{\varepsilon }+\chi _{D})=F+\chi _{ \overline{D}}\). For the proof of these results, the authors mainly use properties of radially uniformly upper semicontinuous functions and of the \( \Gamma \)-convergence.\ The paper ends with an application of such results to homogenization problems with constraints. The authors consider a bounded and open subset \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}\), \(N\geq 1\), the space \(\mathbb{M} \) of \(m\times N\) matrices, \(m\geq 1\), and the space \(X=W^{1,p}(\Omega ; \mathbb{R}^{m})\) equipped with the \(L^{p}\)-norm, \(p>1\). For a Borel measurable function \(f:\Omega \times \mathbb{M}\rightarrow \lbrack 0,\infty ] \), they define a notion of radially uniformly upper semicontinuity which implies that of the functional defined on \(X\) through \(F(u)=\int_{\Omega }f(x,\nabla u(x))dx\). Assuming that \(f:\mathbb{R}^{N}\times \mathbb{M} \rightarrow \lbrack 0,\infty ]\) is a Borel measurable function which is radially uniformly upper semicontinuous, 1-periodic with respect to its first variable and satisfies uniform bounds with respect to the second variable which involve a Borel measurable function \(g\), the authors define \( f_{\varepsilon }(x,\xi )=f(\frac{x}{\varepsilon },\xi)\) and the functional \( F_{\varepsilon }=W^{1,p}(\Omega ;\mathbb{R}^{N})\rightarrow \lbrack 0,\infty ]\) through \(F_{\varepsilon }(u)=\int_{\Omega }f(\frac{x}{\varepsilon } ,\nabla u(x))dx\). The third main result describes the \(\Gamma \)-limit of \( F_{\varepsilon }\) or of \(F_{\varepsilon }+\chi _{D}\), under different hypotheses on the function \(g\). For the proof, the authors first describe the \(\Gamma \)-convergence of sequences of functionals defined through \( F_{\varepsilon }(u)=\int_{\Omega }f_{\varepsilon }(x,\nabla u(x))dx\), where \( f_{\varepsilon }\) are radially uniformly upper semicontinuous functions from \(\Omega \times \mathbb{M}\) to \([0,\infty ]\), which are not necessarily periodic, but which satisfy bounds involving \(g\). The \(\Gamma \)-\(\lim \sup \) and \(\Gamma \)-\(\lim \inf \) involve the localized quantities \(\mathcal{H}^{\rho }[f](x,\xi )=\inf \left\{ \frac{1}{\left\vert Q_{\rho }(x)\right\vert } \int_{Q_{\rho }(x)}f(y,\xi +\nabla v(y))dy:v\in W_{0}^{1,p}(Q_{\rho }(x); \mathbb{R}^{m})\right\} \) defined for a function \(f:\Omega \times \mathbb{M} \rightarrow \lbrack 0,\infty ]\), where \(Q_{\rho }(x)=x+[-\frac{\rho }{2}, \frac{\rho }{2}]^{N}\).
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radially uniformly upper semicontinuous function
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radial extension
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\(\Gamma \)-convergence
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super-strongly star-shaped set
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homogenization
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