A new characterization of the Besov spaces associated with Hermite operator (Q6058653)

In this paper one considers the Hermite operator \(H=-\Delta+|x|^2\) and the associated Hermite-Hölder and Besov spaces. The main result provides a characterization of these spaces by means of the generalized derivatives. In order to formulate the results one introduces the heat kernel and the Poisson kernel for the operator \(H\). For any \(\gamma>0\), let \(k\) be the smallest integer greater than \(\gamma\). The Hölder space \(\Gamma_H^\gamma\) associated with \(H\) is defined as the set of \(L^\infty\) functions for which there exists a constant \(A_\gamma(f)\) such that \[ \|d_t^kP_t^Hf\|_\infty\leq A_\infty(f)t^{-k+\gamma}, \] where \(P_t^H\) is the Poisson kernel associated to \(H\). In order to define high-order Hermite-Hölder spaces, one considers the derivatives associated with \(H\), given by \[ H = \frac12 \sum_{i=1}^n(A_iA_{-i} + A_{-i}A_i), \] where \[ A_i = d_{x_i} + x_i,\quad A_{-i} = A_i^\ast = -d_{x_i} + x_i,\quad i = 1,2,\dots,n. \] Then for each natural number \(k\), the Hermite-Hölder space \(C_H^{k,\alpha}\), \(0<\alpha\leq 1\), consists of the set of functions \(f\) in \(C^k(R^n)\) such that the \(M_\alpha\)-norm of \(f\) plus the sum of the \(M_\alpha\)-norms of \(|A_{i_1}\dots A_{i_m}(f)|\) for \(1\leq |i_1|,\dots,|i_m|\leq n\), \(1\leq m\leq k\) and the sum of the \(\alpha\)-Lipschitz norms of \(|A_{i_1}\dots A_{i_k}(f)|\) for \(1\leq|i_1|,\dots,|i_k|\leq n\), is finite. Here the \(M_\alpha\)-norm of \(f\) means \[ \|f\|_{M_\alpha}= \sup |\chi(x)^{-\alpha}f(x)|,\ x\in R^n, \quad \text{with }\chi(x) = 1/(1+|x|). \] Then one proves the following result: Let \(f\in L^\infty(R^n)\) and \(0 <\alpha\leq 1\). Then \(f\in C_H^{k,\alpha}(R^n)\) if and only if \(f\in\Gamma_H^\gamma\), where \(\gamma=\alpha+ k\). Moreover the norms of \(f\) in each of these spaces are equivalent. One gives also a characterization of Besov spaces associated with the operator \(H\) by the Lipschitz condition in a similar way to the classical case.