Hardy spaces \(H^p_L (\mathbb R^{n })\) associated with operators satisfying \(k\)-Davies-Gaffney estimates (Q1934434)

Let \(L\) be a one-to-one operator of \(\omega\) having a bounded \(H_{\infty}\) functional calculus and generating a holomorphic semigroup \(\{e^{-tL}\}_{t>0}\) which satisfies the \(k\)-Davies-Gaffney estimates with \(k\in \mathbb{N}\), namely, there exist positive constants \(\tilde{C}\) and \(C_1\) such that for all closed sets \(E\) and \(F\) in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), \(t\in (0,\infty)\) and \(f\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\) supported in \(E\), \[ || e^{-tL}f||_{L^2(F)}\leq \tilde{C}\exp\big\{-\frac{[\text{dist}(E,F)]^{2k/(2k-1)}}{C_1t^{1/(2k-1)}}\big\} || e^{-tL}f||_{L^2(E)}. \] It is noted that they give some typical examples of such operators including the \(2k\)-order divergence form homogeneous elliptic operator \(L_1\) with complex bounded measurable coefficients and the \(2k\)-order Schrödinger type operator \( L_2:= (-\Delta)^k + V^k\). Moreover, as an application, for \(i\in \{1, 2\}\), the authors prove that the associated Riesz transform \(\nabla^k(L^{-1/2}_i )\) is bounded from \(H^p_{L_i} ( \mathbb{R}^n)\) to \(H^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\) for \(p\in (n/(n+k),1] \) and establish the Riesz transform characterizations of \(H^p_{ L_1} (\mathbb{R}^n)\) for \(p\in (rn/(n + kr), 1]\) if the semigroup \(\{e^{-tL_1}\}_{t>0}\) satisfies the \( L_r- L_2\) \(k\)-off-diagonal estimates with \(r\in (1, 2]\).