Distribution for non symmetric position operators on the free toy Fock space and its approximation on the full Fock space (Q6061899)

For each positive integer \(i\), let \(\mathcal{H}_i = \mathbb{C}^2 = \mathbb{C} \Omega_i \oplus \mathbb{C} X_i\), where \(\Omega_i\) and \(X_i\) are distinguished unit vectors. Following \textit{S.~Attal} and \textit{I.~Nechita} [Lect. Notes Math. 2006, 379--394 (2011; Zbl 1226.46058)], the \emph{free toy Fock space} \(\mathcal{TF}\) is the free product of the sequence of Hilbert spaces \(( \mathcal{H}_i )_{i = 1}^\infty\) with respect to the sequence \(( \Omega_i )_{i = 1}^\infty\). In other words, \[ \mathcal{TF} = \mathbb{C} \Omega \oplus \bigoplus_{n = 1}^\infty \bigoplus_{i_1 \neq \cdots \neq i_n} \mathbb{C} X_{i_1} \otimes \cdots \otimes X_{i_n}, \] where \(\Omega\) is a unit vector (called the \emph{vacuum vector}) and the final direct sum is taken over all \(n\)-tuples of positive integers such that their consecutive components are distinct. Furthermore, for each positive integer \(i\), there exists a bounded linear operator, the \emph{creation operator} \(A^+_i\), such that \[ A^+_i \Omega = X_i \quad \textrm{and} \quad A^+_i X_{i_1} \otimes \cdots \otimes X_{i_n} = \mathbf{1}_{i \neq i_1} X_i \otimes X_{i_1} \otimes \cdots \otimes X_{i_n}, \] where \(\mathbf{1}_P\) equals \(1\) if the proposition \(P\) is true and \(0\) otherwise. The adjoint of \(A^+_i\) is the \emph{annihilation operator} \(A^-_i\), and the \emph{preservation operator} \(A^\circ_i = A^+_i A^-_i\). Given a positive integer \(N\) and a non-negative real number \(\lambda\), we let \[ S_N( \lambda ) := \sum_{i = 1}^N \Bigl( \frac{A^+_i + A^-_i}{\sqrt{N}} + \lambda A^\circ_i \Bigr). \] When \(\lambda = 0\) this gives a form of free Gaussian process and, as noted by Attal and Nechita [loc.\,cit.], the free central limit theorem implies that \[ \lim_{N \to \infty} \langle \Omega, S_N( 0 )^p \Omega \rangle = \frac{1}{2 \pi} \int_{-2}^2 x^p \sqrt{4 - x^2} \, \mathrm{d} x \quad ( p = 0, 1, 2, \dots ). \] In other words, the limiting distribution of \(S_N( 0 )\) in the vacuum state is the Wigner semicircle law. Henceforth we suppose \(\lambda > 0\), so that \(S_N( \lambda )\) is of free Poisson type. The first main result of the present article is an expression for \(b_p( \lambda ) := \langle \Omega, S_1( \lambda )^p \Omega \rangle\) as a sum over certain non-crossing partitions and also via the following recursive fomula: \[ b_0( \lambda ) = 1, \quad b_1( \lambda ) = 0 \quad \textrm{and} \quad b_{p + 2}( \lambda ) = b_p( \lambda ) + \lambda b_{p + 1}( \lambda) \quad \text{for } p = 0, 1, 2, \dots. \] An explicit expression is deduced for the distribution of \(S_1( \lambda )\) in the vacuum state, which is supported on two points. The second main result is an expression for \(m_p( \lambda ) := \lim_{N \to \infty} \langle \Omega, S_N( \lambda )^p \Omega \rangle\), again as a sum over non-crosssing partitions, and the deduction of the corresponding limit distribution, which is shown to be a free Meixner law. The article concludes by using the earlier work and an approximation result of Attal and Nechita [loc.\,cit.]\ to show a certain family of Poisson-type operators on the toy free Fock space converges to the corresponding process on the full Fock space over \(L^2( \mathbb{R}_+ ; \mathbb{C} )\).