Scaling inequalities for spherical and hyperbolic eigenvalues (Q6062682)

Summary: Neumann and Dirichlet eigenvalues of the Laplacian on spherical and hyperbolic domains are shown to satisfy scaling inequalities or monotonicities analogous to the \(\mathrm{(length)}^{-2}\) scaling relation in Euclidean space. For a cap of aperture \(\Theta\) on the sphere \(\mathbb{S}^2\), normalizing the \(k\)-th eigenvalue by the square of the Euclidean radius of the boundary circle yields that \(\mu_k (\Theta) \sin^2 \Theta\) is strictly decreasing, while normalizing by the stereographic radius squared gives that \(\mu_k (\Theta) 4 \tan^2 \Theta/2\) is strictly increasing. For the second Neumann eigenvalue, normalizing instead by the cap area establishes the stronger result that \(\mu_2 (\Theta) 4 \sin^2 \Theta/2\) is strictly increasing. Monotonicities of this kind are somewhat surprising, since the Neumann eigenvalues themselves can vary non-monotonically. Cheng and Bandle-type inequalities are deduced by assuming either fixed radius or fixed area and comparing eigenvalues of disks having different curvatures.