Characterization of \(B_{p(\cdot)}\) weight and some maximal characterizations of anisotropic weighted Hardy-Lorentz spaces with variable exponent (Q6063054)

Let \(\widetilde{\mathbb{P}}_1\) be the set of measurable functions \(p:(0, \infty) \rightarrow(0, \infty)\) such that \(1\le p_-((0, \infty)) \leq p_{+}((0, \infty))<\infty\). Consider the Hardy operator \[ H f(t)=\frac{1}{t} \int_0^t f(s) d s,\ t>0. \] Let \(w\) be a given weight. In the article under review, the authors show that \(w \in B_{p(\cdot)}\), that is, \(w\) and \(p\) satisfy the inequality \[ \int_s^{\infty}\left(\frac{b s}{t}\right)^{p(t)} w(t) d t \leq C \int_0^s b^{p(t)} w(t) d t,\ s>0,\ b>0, \] for some \(C>0\), if and only if the following modular inequality for \(H\) holds: \[ \int_0^{\infty}(H f)(t)^{p(t)} w(t) d t \leq C \int_0^{\infty} f(t)^{p(t)} w(t) d t. \] Furthermore, the authors also establish some characterizations of the variable exponent anisotropic weighted Hardy-Lorentz spaces by maximal operators.