Remarks on Caristi's fixed point theorem and Kirk's problem (Q607091)

Let \((X,d)\) be a complete metric space. An operator \(T: X\to T\) is said to be a Caristi type mapping if the following condition is satisfied: \(\eta(d(x, Tx))\leq\varphi(x)- \varphi(Tx)\) for all \(x\in X\), where \(\eta: [0,+\infty)\to (-\infty,+\infty)\) and \(\varphi: X\to (-\infty,+\infty)\). In the present paper, the author, motivated by \textit{M.\,A.\thinspace Khamsi} [Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl.\ 71, No.\, 1--2, A, 227--231 (2009; Zbl 1175.54056)], proves the following theorems. Theorem 1. Suppose that \(\eta :[0,+\infty)\to [0,+\infty)\) with \(\eta(0)= 0\), \(\varphi: X\to(-\infty,+\infty)\) is lower-semicontinuous on \(X\), and there exist \(x_0\in X\) and two real numbers \(a< 0\), \(-\infty<\beta<+\infty\), such that \(\varphi(x)\geq ad(x,x_0)+\beta\). Suppose that one of the following conditions is satisfied: (i) \(a\geq 0\), \(\eta\) is nonnegative and nondecreasing on \(W= \{d(x,y): x,y\in X\}\), and there exists \(c> 0\) and \(\varepsilon> 0\) such that \(\eta(t)\geq ct\) for all \(t\in\{t\geq 0:\eta(t)\leq\varepsilon\}\cap W\); (ii) \(a< 0\), \(\eta(t)+ at\) is nonnegative and nondecreasing on \(W\), and there exist \(c> 0\) and \(\varepsilon> 0\) such that \(\eta(t)+ at\geq ct\) for all \(t\in\{t\geq 0:\eta(t)+ at\leq\varepsilon\}\cap W\). Then each Caristi type mapping \(T: X\to X\) has a fixed point in \(X\). Theorem 2. Suppose that \(\eta:[0,+\infty)\to [0,+\infty)\) with \(\eta(0)= 0\), \(\varphi: X\to(-\infty,+\infty)\) is lower-semicontinuous on \(X\) and bounded below on each bounded subset of \(X\), and there exist \(x_0\in X\) and a real number \(-\infty< a<+\infty\) such that \[ \liminf_{d(x,x_0)\to+\infty}\;{\varphi(x)\over d(x,x_0)}> a. \] Suppose that one of the following conditions is satisfied: (i) \(a\geq 0\), \(\eta\) is nondecreasing on \([0,+\infty)\) and \[ \liminf_{t\to 0^+}\;{\eta(t)\over t}> 0, \] (ii) \(a< 0\), \(\eta(t)+ at\) is nonnegative and nondecreasing on \([0,+\infty)\) and \[ \liminf_{t\to 0^+}\;{\eta(t)\over t}\geq -a. \] Then each Caristi type mapping \(T: X\to X\) has a fixed point in \(X\).