On the modularity of elliptic curves over the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension of some real quadratic fields (Q6079002)

Let \(E_i(i=1,2)\) be two elliptic curves given by the equations \[ E_1: y^2+xy+y=x^3+x^2-10x-10, \] \[ E_2:y^2+xy+y=x^3+x^2-5x+2. \] Let \(K\) be a real quadratic field, and \(p\) an odd prime satisfying the following assumptions: (1)\(K\neq \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{5})\), (2)\(\mathrm{ Sel}_{p^\infty}(E_i/K)=0\), and (3)\(p\) splits in \(K\). The main result of the paper is the following theorem: for \(K\) and \(p\) satisfy the above assumptions, let \(F\) be a finite field extension contained in the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension of \(K\). Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve over \(F\), then \(E\) is modular. The method is to reduce the problem to the previous methods of \textit{J. A. Thorne} [J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 21, No. 7, 1943--1948 (2019; Zbl 1443.11103)] and Freitas-Le Hung-Siksek [\textit{N. Freitas} et al., Invent. Math. 201, No. 1, 159--206 (2015; Zbl 1397.11086)], one key ingredient in the arguments is to use Iwasawa theory for elliptic curves, mainly the algebraic descent formulas of Schneider, Greenberg and Iovita-Pollack, to control the Mordell-Weil group of \(E_i(i=1,2)\) in cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension over \(K\).