On the distribution of analytic ranks of elliptic curves (Q6081871)

Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis for \(L\)-functions of elliptic curves, the authors prove upper bounds on the proportion of elliptic curves over \(\mathbb{Q}\) ordered by naive height that have analytic rank larger than \(r\). They also prove upper bounds for moments of analytic ranks of elliptic curves. Heath-Brown has also studied the proportion of elliptic curves with analytic rank larger than \(r\) using other techniques [\textit{D. R. Heath-Brown}, Duke Math. J. 122, No. 3, 591--623 (2004; Zbl 1063.11013)]. The authors improve on these results for some range of \(r\). A major ingredient in these results is counting elliptic curves ordered by height that satisfy certain local conditions. These results have connections to recent work of \textit{J. E. Cremona} and \textit{M. Sadek} [Math. Res. Lett. 30, No. 2, 413--461 (2023; Zbl 07738726)]. The authors study an \(n\)-level density with multiplicity using an approach related to work in the Ph.D. thesis of S. J. Miller. A major input into these results is a formula involving products of powers of Frobenius traces of elliptic curves. Similar results appear in the work of Young on moments of central values of elliptic curve \(L\)-functions [\textit{M. P. Young}, Can. J. Math. 62, No. 5, 1155--1181 (2010; Zbl 1285.11113)]. The proof follows a strategy from an earlier paper of \textit{P. J. Cho} and \textit{H. H. Kim} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2015, No. 17, 7861--7883 (2015; Zbl 1385.11027)]. In a separate paper the authors have applied the results described here to prove upper bounds for the proportion of elliptic curves defined over \(\mathbb{Q}\) with a given torsion subgroup \(G\) and large analytic rank [\textit{P. J. Cho} and \textit{K. Jeong}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 107, No. 2, 616--657 (2023; Zbl 07731014)].