Hausdorff dimension analysis of sets with the product of consecutive vs single partial quotients in continued fractions (Q6091072)

Let us begin with authors' abstract: `` We present a detailed Hausdorff dimension analysis of the set of real numbers where the product of consecutive partial quotients in their continued fraction expansion grows at a certain rate but the growth of the single partial quotient is at a different rate. We consider the \[ \mathcal{F}(\Phi_1, \Phi_2) \overset{\mathrm{def}}{=} \mathcal{E}(\Phi_1) \backslash \mathcal{E}(\Phi_2) = \\ \left\{x\in [0,1): \begin{aligned} a_n (x)a_{n+1}(x) \geq\Phi_1 (n) \text{ for infinitely many } n\in\mathbb{N} \\ a_{n+1}(x) <\Phi_2 (n) \text{ for all sufficiently large } n\in\mathbb{N} \end{aligned} \right\}, \] where \(\Phi_i :\mathbb{N}\to (0,\infty)\) are any functions such that \(\lim\limits_{n\to\infty} \Phi_i (n) = \infty\). We obtain some surprising results including the situations when \(\mathcal{F}(\Phi_1, \Phi_2)\) is empty for various non-trivial choices of \(\Phi_i\)'s. Our results contribute to the metrical theory of continued fractions by generalising several known results including the main result of [\textit{A. Bakhtawar} et al., Nonlinearity 33, 2615--2639 (2020; Zbl 1446.11146)]. To obtain some of the results, we consider an alternate generalised set, which may be of independent interest, and calculate its Hausdorff dimension. One of the main ingredients is the introduction of an idea of two different types of probability measures supported on a suitably constructed Cantor type subset and then using the classical mass distribution principle.'' Connections between metric Diophantine approximations and properties of partial quotients in the metric theory of continued fractions, are noted. The attention is also given to auxiliary notions and statements. The main notions of continued fractions and Diophantine approximations, i.e., such notions as the Gauss map, the Hausdorff dimension, and pressure functions, which are useful for calculating Hausdorff dimensions, are described. Proofs are given with explanations and several auxiliary statements are proven.