On semi-classical weight functions on the unit circle (Q6094597)

In this contribution the authors deal with weight functions \(\omega(\theta), \theta\in [0, 2\pi]\) such that there exist Laurent polynomials \(A(z), B(z)\) in such a way a Pearson-type differential equation \(\frac{\omega'(\theta)}{\omega(\theta)}= \frac{ B(e^{i\theta})-i e^{i\theta} \frac{dA(e^{i\theta})}{d e^{i\theta}}}{A (e^{i\theta})}\) holds. This kind of weight functions are known in the literature as semi-classical weights on the unit circle (see [\textit{M. Alfaro} and \textit{F. Marcellán}, ``Recent trends in orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle'', in: Orthogonal polynomials and their applications (1990); \textit{C. Brezinski} (ed.) et al., Orthogonal polynomials and their applications. Proceedings of the third international symposium held in Erice, Italy, June 1-8, 1990. Basel: J. C. Baltzer (1991; Zbl 0812.00027); \textit{A. P. Magnus}, ``MAPA 3072 A. Special topics in approximation theory: semi-classical orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle'' (2013), \url{http://perso.uclouvain.be/alphonse.magnus}]. The attention is focused on the case where deg \((A)\leq 2\) and deg\((B)\leq 2.\) This analysis was stated in the seminal paper [\textit{A. Cachafeiro} and \textit{C. Suárez}, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 85, No. 1, 123--144 (1997; Zbl 0888.42013)]. A complete description of such weights is provided in the manuscript under review together with the structure relations that the corresponding sequences of monic orthogonal polynomials satisfy. A nonlinear difference equations of the Verblunsky coefficients is also studied in some particular cases. In [\textit{M. E. H. Ismail} and \textit{N. S. Witte}, J. Approx. Theory 110, No. 2, 200--228 (2001; Zbl 0982.33004)], a general analysis of ladder operators associated with a weight \(\omega(\theta)= e^{- v(\theta)},\) with some extra assumptions about the function \(v,\) is presented. Thus you have an analogue of the structure relation. They are explicitly given for the circular Jacobi orthogonal polynomials, the Jacobi polynomials on the unit circle and the modified Bessel orthogonal polynomials (the corresponding weight is \(\omega (\theta)= \frac{1}{2 \pi I_{0}(t)} e^{t cos \theta},\) where \(I_{\nu}\) is the modified Bessel function), respectively. A nonlinear second order differential equation that the corresponding Verblunsky coefficients satisfy is also obtained in this last case.